Search results

The research aims at providing a comprehensive assessment of the cigarette black market in Germany and the UK within the framework of the study of organized crime.

The particular approach upon which this paper is based is a systematic, cross‐national review of open sources, including media reports and government documents. The information gleaned from these sources is transferred into a classificatory scheme derived from the analysis of organized crime.

While similarities exist regarding the inner workings of the cigarette black market, interesting variations between the two countries emerge, including an asynchronicity of the developmental process and differences in modus operandi. In addition to cross‐national differences, striking regional variations in the prevalence and character of black market activity exist within each country. This leads to the conclusion that a multitude of factors have to be considered to account for the overall dynamics and specific manifestations of the cigarette black market.

In future research the database needs to be broadened beyond open sources.

Policy decisions with the aim to curb the cigarette black market have to take the apparent complexity of causal and intervening factors into account. The level of taxation is just one of several factors.

No comparative analysis of the cigarette black markets in Germany and the UK has previously been available.

The purpose of this paper is to assess what an overview of theoretical literature and case study material can tell us about the different ways crime has been organised in the past in different cultures and whether this has any impact on the ways in which crime may be organised in the present and the future.

The analysis is based on an examination of Mcintyre’s work on how crime is organised and later political, economic and civil society views of criminality. Brief discussion of case studies involving the UK, The Netherlands, the Arab world, Ethiopia and Russia is used to see how crime was organised there in the past.

There is a greater variety of variables in the way crime was organised historically than McIntyre suggests, and an examination of civil society might pay greater dividends than even looking at politics or economic aspects of organised crime.

The study is preliminary. More historical case study material needs to be accessed.

There are many research case studies, particularly at PhD level and in subjects other than criminology, such as history, language studies and cultural studies generally, which have not been brought together to present an overall picture. This paper is a first step in that direction.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of improving financial intelligence capture in understanding organized crime and the funding of terrorism.

The paper presents an analytical review of the core business processes used to harvest the revenues from illegal drug trafficking. Furthermore, assessment of the extent to which modern, organised crime – and the dynamics of the relationships between the relevant collaborating parties – can be more accurately defined in terms of these processes.

Understanding distinctive capabilities of criminal funding processes as well as their participants offers an approach to filling intelligence black holes which continue to afflict efforts to tackle organised crime and terrorism.

This paper establishes a framework for understanding and countering threat through application of competitive strategy analysis.

The purpose of this article is to discuss transnational organized crime (TOC) and the relationship to good governance in the Caribbean.

This paper is exploratory. It follows a path of inductive reasoning, from observation of the eight global cases to a broader general analysis and the development of a theoretical framework or ideal type.

The influence of TOC on governance in the Caribbean is worrying. Normative theories of democracy, public administration and governance no longer apply. Economic growth diminishes, unemployment rises, crime rises.

The paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of TOC on good governance especially on Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean.

The purpose of this paper is to broaden the discussion on trade-based money laundering (TBML). The literature is too narrowly focused on the misrepresentation of the value, quantity or quality of the traded goods. This focus leads to the analysis of price anomalies as a signal of over- or under-invoicing. However, TBML can also occur without manipulation of these factors.

A review of the literature and case study of police investigations.

Financial action task force (FATF) definitions are seriously flawed. The question of whether detecting TBML on the basis of statistical trade data is effective should be much more open to debate. Police investigations show that goods are shipped at their true value within the context of TBML.

Using outliers to identify and act on cases of TBML has often been propagated, but scarcely been used to actually show TBML. Real findings are needed.

Goods intended for TBML can also be paid for in cash. These cash payments are often out of character with the normal clientele. This should alert companies and compliance sections of banks alike.

The critique on the FATF definition opens the field for a more fitting definition. The description of actual TBML cases makes it possible to better understand this method of money laundering.