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Traditional packaging in sacks, tubs and drums is an expensive cost. Time consuming re‐handling of these small quantities is labour intensive and not particularly suited to modern automatic production.

IN a departure from usual practice this issue concentrates to a large extent upon a single subject — Mechanical Handling. It coincides with that industry's exhibition at Earls Court from the 9th to 19th of this month, to be opened by the Rt. Hon. Christopher Chataway, M.P., Minister for Industrial Development. In consequence it was necessary to defer some regular features for a time, for which we apologise.

A new Company, Rentatank Ltd., 20 Mayday Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey CR4 7HL, has been launched to provide a rental service for intermediate bulk containers (IBC's). For the first time in the U.K. a range of containers from 450 litres (100 gallons) to 3,000 litres (665 gallons) can be rented. Previously IBC's have tended to be regarded as items of capital expenditure, but with typical rental rates of 60p to £1 per day users can now consider them as revenue items.

Blagden Packaging unveiled at this year's Pakex Exhibition a new concept in “bag‐in‐the‐box” Intermediate Bulk Container. The multi‐national project between LB Systemer SA Copenhagen, Dow Corning and Blagden Packaging is the result of over two years research and development.

Darenth have just commissioned a flexible intermediate bulk container filling and weighing system at Laporte Industries Ltd's Stallingborough works near Grimsby, South Humberside. The equipment has been supplied to fill 1 tonne FIBCs with Tiona pigments, titanium dioxide pigments widely used by the paint, plastics and paper manufacturing industries to provide opacity to white products.

T & D Industries PLC supplies a wide range of metal and plastic containers to meet customers' specific needs for the filling, emptying, distribution and storage of bulk paint and other viscous products.

Now available from Palagan Ltd are low cost polypropylene liners for reusable Intermediate Bulk Containers, for loads up to 2000 Kg.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an adjusted approximate regenerative model (ARM) for a constant‐work‐in‐process (CONWIP)‐based production system that solves the problem of deciding the number of intermediate bulk container in a pharmaceutical company to hold the work in process.

The problem was modeled as a CONWIP system and the ARM was adjusted to estimate the throughput.

By comparing the results from the original ARM and adjusted ARM, a clear superiority of the proposed method is shown for the real case. In addition, the robustness of the adjusted ARM is demonstrated in terms of the violation of rigid assumption and the impacts brought by the limitation of buffer space before the bottleneck station.

The novelty of the proposed model is to take the long transportation time between machines into consideration.