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This study aims to examine the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance in the green economy era. This study also focuses on investigating whether the relationship is mediated by green market orientation and green supply chain management.

This is a quantitative study using the data of 182 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in East Java, Indonesia. Data are collected using an online survey. A multiple mediation research framework is employed, and partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.

The findings demonstrate the following important results. First, green human capital readiness affects business performance. Second, green market orientation partially mediates the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance. Third, green supply chain management partially mediates the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance. Fourth, green market orientation and green supply chain management sequentially mediate the green human capital readiness-business performance relationship.

This study limits its sample to the small and medium-sized enterprises in East Java, Indonesia. Thus, caution must be applied when generalizing to other types of organizations and different regions. The results confirm the resource-based view and sustainability theory in explaining the antecedents of business performance in the era of the green economy which are useful for future researchers and students who are interested in studying human capital, market orientation, supply chain management and business performance.

This study has the following practical implications. First, it implies that the owners/managers of small and medium-sized enterprises need to properly develop their green human capital readiness because they play a strategic role in driving green market orientation, improving green supply chain management and enhancing business performance. Second, it provides useful information to policymakers to make better decision-making in developing environmentally friendly companies.

This study is a response to calls for studies on the antecedents of business performance in the green economy era. It provides empirical evidence for the development of resource-based view and sustainability theory by employing the new construct of green human capital readiness, which has been rarely investigated in previous studies. It also employs a multiple mediation research framework that provides a more comprehensive understanding by including green market orientation and green supply chain management. It also provides empirical evidence in the research setting of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia as an emerging market.

The study aims to analyze how the characteristics of intellectual capital (IC) facilitate green entrepreneurship development in the context of ecology, environment and sustainability. Specifically, the evolution of IC and green entrepreneurship was explored through a systematic review, including the relationships and interactions between human, structural and relational capital and green entrepreneurship.

Meticulously combing the Web of Science Core Collection, the researcher conducted a bibliometric analysis of 800 English-language articles from 2002 to 2023. Employing co-word analysis and visualization, the literature on IC and green entrepreneurship was synthesized and systematized, exploring core topics, knowledge architectures and their evolutionary trajectories.

The IC elements such as human, structural and relational capital interact with green entrepreneurship; IC enhances the innovation and competitiveness of green entrepreneurship, while green entrepreneurship orientation influences the accumulation and reshaping of IC. The flow of IC impacts the establishment of green start-ups and the emergence of green industries, promoting sustainable growth.

The dynamic interplay between IC and green entrepreneurship is marked by intricate relationships and diverse attributes. Currently, no comprehensive theoretical model has been established to address the complexities intrinsic to this study. The evidence suggests that the green entrepreneurial orientation influences corporate initiatives to bolster human and structural capital, with structural capital serving as both a constraint and catalyst for human capital. The paper presents an embryonic framework of IC for green entrepreneurship, highlighting its critical role in the aggregation and reconfiguration of IC or venture creation and industry evolution. This contributes to a more profound understanding of IC in entrepreneurial contexts, providing a basis for future research and practical strategy.

Organisations encourage green creativity among their employees to mitigate pollution and achieve sustainable growth. Green inclusive leadership practices have a key role in influencing employees’ green attitudes and environmental efficiency. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how green inclusive leadership influences employees’ green creativity. It also aims to analyse the intermediating mechanism of green human capital and employee voice between the relationship of green inclusive leadership and green creativity.

Data was collected through an in-person administered questionnaire-based survey from 312 employees of the manufacturing industry of Pakistan. SPSS PROCESS macro was used for hypothesis testing in the present study.

The findings depict that the perception of green inclusive leadership positively influences employees’ green creativity. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that green human capital and employee voice play substantial intervening roles among the associations investigated.

This research study is novel because it is one of the scarce research studies to examine green inclusive leadership and employees’ green creativity with the underlying mechanism of green human capital and employee voice in an eastern context.

This study aims to propose and examine a conceptual model that shows how green performance measurement systems (GPMS) mediate the relationship between green intellectual capital components and environmental performance.

The research surveyed 407 Vietnamese publicly listed companies to gather empirical data. Then, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) are used to examine the degree of emphasis firms place on using GPMS to transform green intellectual capital into firm value.

The results indicate that both green human capital and green organizational capital have a direct positive impact on environmental performance. On the contrary, the influence of green social capital on environmental performance was found to be indirect through the mediation of GPMS.

GPMS can be considered a tool that helps managers renew, develop and synchronize their systems to take advantage of green resources in environmental performance improvement.

The effective assimilation of GPMS within industrial entities holds the potential to mitigate air pollution and hazardous waste, thereby ameliorating social conditions for both employees and the neighboring community. Besides that, proficient implementation of GPMS enhances collaborative efforts within the industrial sphere, yielding collective societal benefits.

This study emphasizes the importance of aligning green intellectual capital with appropriate control mechanisms, such as performance measurement systems, to maximize the benefits derived from these capital resources. The findings provide insights for organizations seeking to enhance their environmental performance and sustainability practices by effectively using their intellectual and social capital while implementing robust measurement systems.

This research attempts to assess the role of green intellectual capital components with respect to the sustainability business performance of manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia.

Empirical data for this study were gathered through structured questionnaire forms, from entrepreneurs, managers, and decision-makers of manufacturing, small and medium enterprises. A sample of 500 individuals from 170 manufacturing SMEs from Malaysia was participated. Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling technique was used to examine the impact of green intellectual capital on the sustainability business performance of SMEs.

Results expressed that green intellectual capital has a positive significant impact on the sustainability business performance of manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. Results also posited that the three components such as green customer capital, green technological capital, and green spiritual capital were supported while green human capital, green structural capital, and green social capital were not supported.

The present study inspects how entrepreneurs, managers, and policymakers should practice the concept of green and sustainability to attain maximum benefits from green intellectual capital to increase the sustainability business performance of their organizations.

This pioneering research produces a comprehensive theoretical model of green intellectual capital, supporting the current literature where similar works have been yet. This theoretical model will guide entrepreneurs and managers of SMEs to measure green intellectual capital in SMEs. Despite the significant contribution, this study offers insights to researchers, academicians and practitioners to mitigate environmental destruction and to achieve the sustainable business performance of SMEs in Malaysia and developing countries.

Considering the inherent relationship between environmental degradation and the process of economic development, the latter is particularly reliant on the accumulation of human capital, which also emerges as one of the fundamental principles underlying green growth. However, this relationship tends to overlook varying levels of human capital. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the enduring associations between the stock of high human capital and green economies in terms of environmental sustainability among the key countries in the Asia Pacific region, namely Australia, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, spanning the period from 1990 to 2022.

This paper employs second-generation techniques. The long-term relationships were estimated using two constantly updated models - fully modified and bias corrected, CUP-FM and CUP-BC, respectively, to guarantee the robustness of our conclusions for the presence of cross-sectional dependency.

There is a long-term relationship between the stock of high human capital and the sustainability of the environment, in the same way that we have also found the same relationship between the development of socioeconomic practices of green economies. Finally, we conclude that, in the same way as the environmental Kuznets curve, the countries in our sample incur less environmental pollution as their level of income increases. This relationship may be motivated by a process of technological substitution and investment in the development of new techniques and technology to improve the efficiency of productivity with respect to the environment.

We suggest that investing in education and promoting green economies can be powerful tools in the fight against climate change and promoting environmental sustainability. By prioritizing investments in renewable energy and sustainable technologies, policymakers can promote long-term economic and environmental health. Moreover, the findings suggest that promoting education in countries with high levels of environmental pollution can develop the knowledge and skills needed to implement sustainable practices and technologies. Ultimately, these efforts can contribute to improving income, productivity, and society's living conditions while reducing the environmental impact.

This research studies for the first time the load capacity curve hypothesis in determining the effects of the stock of high human capital and green economies on the environment. Consequently, limited papers have used the load capacity factor in the study of the relationships that we propose, especially that of human capital, which has scarcely been studied in relation to its contribution to the environmental fight.

Based on upper echelons theory and social contagion theory, we investigate how environmental leadership affects GIC via green human resource management (GHRM) and examine the moderating role of environmental climate.

We conduct hierarchical regression and use the bootstrap method to analyze the two-waved data from 317 Chinese manufacturers in order to verify the hypotheses.

The results indicate that GHRM mediates the impacts of environmental leadership on green human capital, structural capital and relational capital. In addition, environmental climate strengthens the positive impact of environmental leadership on GHRM.

Our study enriches the literature on GIC by uncovering the “black box” between environmental leadership and GIC, providing a logical framework opposite to mainstream GIC research, and expanding the boundary condition for GIC accumulation. This study provides more logical paths for enterprises and governments to increase the accumulation of GIC and promote green intellectual economy development.

The study aims to investigate the relationships between green intellectual capital, green human resource management (HRM), and sustainability.

The research is based on information gathered from 112 large Malaysian manufacturing companies.

The study findings revealed that green human capital and green relational capital positively influence green HRM. In addition, green HRM positively related to social, environmental and economic performance. Besides, green HRM positively mediates the relationships between green human capital and economic, social and environmental performance. Finally, green relational capital improves sustainability (economic, environmental, and social performance) mediated by green HRM.

The current study contributes to the literature by examining green IC (green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital) as an independent variable and green HRM as a mediating variable for sustainability (economic, environmental, and social performance). The findings and recommended for the managers of large manufacturing firms and practitioners to invest in green IC to achieve sustainability through green HRM.

This study examines the direct and indirect effects of green intellectual capital (GIC) and innovative work behavior (IWB) on green process innovation performance (GPIP), with green knowledge sharing (GKS) as a mediator, in Pakistan’s hospitality industry. The aim is to provide a paradigm for assisting companies in transforming strategic green processes of green hotel innovation and its practices.

A total of 203 questionnaires were administered to front-desk officers of 15 hotels in Pakistan. Smart PLS-SEM 4 was used for analysis, and demographic statistics were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

GIC (green human capital, green organizational capital and green relational capital) and IWB significantly and positively influence GPIP. GKS strengthens the relationships of GIC and IWB with GPIP. Finally, all hypotheses were significant and the constructs showed a positive association.

Research studies have revealed the impact of GIC on the hotel industry’s competitive advantage. However, the mechanisms underlying those impacts remain relatively underexplored. This study makes valuable contributions by providing crucial evidence from Pakistan’s hospitality industry.

This study aims to explore green practices within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their implications for determining environmental performance. Targeting SMEs in Pakistan, the study examines the influence of green intellectual capital (GIC), innovation and creativity on environmental performance.

A comprehensive survey addressed top, middle, and lower-level managerial perspectives. A sample of 243 respondents was statistically selected, and the survey questionnaire was used to measure the key constructs of the study. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the study captured the respondents' insights regarding green practices. Data analysis was executed using SPSS for descriptive tests and Smart-PLS 4 for advanced structural equation modeling (SEM).

GIC significantly enhances green innovation within SMEs, leading to improved environmental performance. Green creativity is a crucial moderator, indicating that SMEs have higher creative approaches to counter environmental challenges. These findings accentuate the importance of fostering an environment that stimulates green creativity to uplift GIC in achieving environmental performance.

The study offers a profound understanding of how SMEs in Pakistan leverage GIC to elevate their environmental performance, thereby providing strategic insights for businesses aiming for sustainable growth.