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1 – 10 of over 35000Stefan Gössling and Daniel Scott
Tourism faces a range of interconnected and potentially transformative global risks – collectively considered an evolving polycrisis – that have not been adequately defined and…
Abstract
Purpose
Tourism faces a range of interconnected and potentially transformative global risks – collectively considered an evolving polycrisis – that have not been adequately defined and understood. As a result, the industry struggles to proactively anticipate and mitigate potential future challenges, while governments lack insight for strategic longer-term decision-making on tourism development. The purpose of this paper is to advance tourism sector consideration of global change threats and their complex interactions and more effectively incorporate these risks into tourism futures planning.
Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual gap is addressed through a discussion of the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Reports, and their definition of environmental, economic, geopolitical, societal and technological risk categories. In applying results to tourism, a preliminary expert assessment of global risks serves as a foundational framework to incorporate potential global change threats more effectively into tourism futures planning and decision-making.
Findings
Additional research should be prioritized to examine global risks most influential of tourism, how and where they may interact, how to convert risk categories into measurable indicators and to evaluate whether risk assessments can contribute to mitigating the evolving polycrisis.
Originality/value
This paper discusses the systematic and strategic engagement with global risks for tourism, critically reviews the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Reports from tourism perspective, presents key risk dimensions driving future tourism development, provides a foundational framework to further assess global risk for tourism and compels tourism academy to prioritize global change research agenda.
目的
旅游业面临一系列相互关联并且具有潜在变革性的全球风险——这些风险被统称为不断演变的多重危机——尚未得到充分定义和理解。因此, 行业难以主动积极预测和应对未来的挑战, 而政府在旅游发展中的长期战略决策上也缺乏洞见。
设计/方法论/途径
本文通过讨论世界经济论坛的《全球风险报告》及其对环境、经济、地缘政治、社会和技术风险类别的定义, 弥补了这一概念上的空白。在将这些结果应用于旅游业时, 初步的专家评估为更有效地将潜在的全球变化威胁纳入旅游业未来规划和决策提供了基础框架。
研究结果
应优先开展进一步研究, 以探讨对旅游业影响最大的全球风险、这些风险可能如何以及在何处相互作用、如何将风险类别转化为可衡量的指标, 以及风险评估是否有助于缓解不断演变的多重危机。
原创性/价值
讨论了旅游业与全球风险的系统性和战略性应对; 从旅游业的角度批判性地审视了世界经济论坛的《全球风险报告》; · 提出了驱动未来旅游业发展的关键风险维度; · 提供了进一步评估旅游业全球风险的基础框架; · 呼吁旅游学界优先关注全球变化研究议程。
Objetivo
El turismo se enfrenta a una serie de riesgos mundiales interconectados y potencialmente transformadores-considerados globalmente como policrisis en evolución-que no se han definido ni comprendido adecuadamente. En consecuencia, el sector se esfuerza por anticipar y mitigar de forma proactiva los posibles retos futuros, mientras que los gobiernos carecen de información para tomar decisiones estratégicas a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo del turismo.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Esta laguna conceptual se aborda mediante un análisis de los Informes sobre Riesgos Globales del Foro Económico Mundial y su definición de las categorías de riesgo medioambiental, económico, geopolítico, social y tecnológico. Al aplicar los resultados al turismo, una evaluación preliminar de los riesgos mundiales realizada por expertos proporciona un marco fundacional para incorporar más eficazmente las posibles amenazas del cambio global a la planificación y toma de decisiones sobre el futuro del turismo.
Conclusiones
Debe darse prioridad a la investigación adicional para examinar los riesgos globales que más influyen en el turismo, cómo y dónde pueden interactuar, cómo convertir las categorías de riesgo en indicadores medibles y evaluar si las evaluaciones de riesgo pueden contribuir a mitigar la policrisis en evolución.
Originalidad/valor
Analiza el compromiso sistemático y estratégico con los riesgos globales para el turismo; Revisa críticamente los Informes sobre Riesgos Globales del Foro Económico Mundial desde la perspectiva del turismo; Presenta las principales dimensiones del riesgo que impulsan el futuro desarrollo del turismo; Proporciona un marco básico para evaluar el riesgo mundial para el turismo; Precisa a la academia del turismo a priorizar la agenda de investigación sobre el cambio global.
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This paper explores how racial neoliberalism is the latest evolution of race and global capitalism and is analyzed in the example of global tourism in Costa Rica. Racial…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores how racial neoliberalism is the latest evolution of race and global capitalism and is analyzed in the example of global tourism in Costa Rica. Racial neoliberalism represents two important features: colorblind ideology and new racial practices.
Methodology/approach
Two beach tourism localities in Costa Rica are investigated to identify the racial neoliberal practices that racialize tourism spaces and bodies and the ideological discourses deployed to justify racial hierarchical placement that perpetuates new forms of global and national inequality.
Findings
Three neoliberal racial practices in tourism globalization were found. First, “neoliberal networks” supported white transnational actors’ linkage to national and global tourism providers. Second, “neoliberal conservation” in beach land protection policies secured private tourism business development and impacted current and future racial community displacement. Third, “neoliberal activism” exposed how community fights to change local tourism development was demarcated along racial lines.
Practical implications
An inquiry into the mechanisms and logics of how racism contemporarily operates in the global economy exposes the importance of acknowledging that race has an impact on different actor’s global economic participation by organizing the distribution of material economic rewards unevenly.
Originality/value
As scholarship exposes how gender, ethnicity, and class are constituted through global economic arrangements it is imperative that research uncovers how race is a salient category also shaping current global inequality but experienced differently in diverse geographies and histories.
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Maximiliano E. Korstanje and Babu George
Global warming is a huge challenge faced by the mankind in the twenty‐first century and beyond. The paradox of ecology lies in the pervasive attitude of lay people who overtly…
Abstract
Purpose
Global warming is a huge challenge faced by the mankind in the twenty‐first century and beyond. The paradox of ecology lies in the pervasive attitude of lay people who overtly condemn pollution but do not alter their individual practices. Unfortunately, the scientific community has still not reached unanimous conclusions about the causes or impacts of global warming. To close this gap, the present paper aims to stimulate discussion in two main senses: the relationship between industry and global warming; and the role of tourism in the coming decades.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on reading and criticism of many works, this paper provides a conceptual framework for readers to understand social adjustment and adapting to climate change.
Findings
Many sources blame the tourism industry as being one of the major contributors to global warming and want the industry to take proactive moves to help address this. The present analysis exerts considerable criticism over the existent literature that presents tourism as a vehicle towards mitigation of the greenhouse effect. Based on the theory of commons, the paradox of Giddens and the consuming life, the main thesis of this paper is that modernity has created a symbolic bubble that confers a certain security to viewers but transforms them in consumed objects.
Originality/value
The originality of this research lies in the assumption that global warming or climate change generates a paradox. As a form of cultural entertainment, ecology and global warming form (jointly to apocalypse theories of bottom days) a new way of enhancing the consumption, where tourism unfortunately does not seem to be an exception. The theatricalization of danger contributes to the creation of an underlying state of emergency that is seen but not recognized. As Hurricane Katrina and other disasters show, people only take a stance when the economic order is endangered. Global warming as a phenomenon was considered seriously only when international leaders envisaged the potential economic losses of its effects, and not before. Following this, the tragedy of commons, as Graham puts it, explains the reasons why well‐being can, under certain conditions, be a double‐edge sword.
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Zikho Qwatekana and Ndivhuho Tshikovhi
Tourism is a rapidly growing economic sector that contributes significantly to national and local economies globally. Tourism growth in any destination largely depends on the…
Abstract
Tourism is a rapidly growing economic sector that contributes significantly to national and local economies globally. Tourism growth in any destination largely depends on the weather and climate, considered prime factors affecting global tourist flows. Global South countries are said to be particularly vulnerable to climate change, owing to their limited adaptation capacity, placing them at greater risk of the impacts of climate change. This adaptive capacity is mainly attributed to a lack of capital intensity and technological flexibility, which is less effective than in developed countries. In addition to a lack of capacity to adjust to the direct hazards of climate change, developing countries are at additional risk due to their heavy reliance on economic sectors and resources sensitive to climate change, such as tourism. An enhanced understanding of climate change's impacts and adaptations to climate change is critical for determining strategic actions for tourism planning and development. This chapter provides a theoretical review of tourism and adaptation strategies, challenges and the dimensions of vulnerability in a tourism context, as well as the implications of climate change on tourism planning in the future. This chapter discusses the impact of climate change on tourism in the Global South, examining case studies and policy frameworks for adaptation and mitigation. It further explores opportunities for sustainable tourism development and partnerships for climate-resilient tourism. Overall, the chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism in the Global South in the face of climate change.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ex ante projected future trajectories of real tourism exports and relative tourism export prices of the EU-15, conditional on expert…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ex ante projected future trajectories of real tourism exports and relative tourism export prices of the EU-15, conditional on expert real gross domestic product growth forecasts for the global economy provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development for the years 2013-2017.
Design/methodology/approach
To this end, the global vector autoregression (GVAR) framework is applied to a comprehensive panel data set ranging from 1994Q1 to 2013Q3 for a cross-section of 45 countries. This approach allows for interdependencies between countries that are assumed to be equally affected by common global developments.
Findings
In line with economic theory, growing global tourist income combined with decreasing relative destination price ensures, in general, increasing tourism demand for the politically and macroeconomically distressed EU-15. However, the conditional forecast increases in tourism demand are under-proportional for some EU-15 member countries.
Practical implications
Rather than simply relying on increases in tourist income, the low price competitiveness of the EU-15 member countries should also be addressed by tourism planners and developers in order to counter the rising competition for global market shares and ensure future tourism export earnings.
Originality/value
One major contribution of this research is that it applies the novel GVAR framework to a research question in tourism demand analysis and forecasting. Furthermore, the analysis of the ex ante conditionally projected future trajectories of real tourism exports and relative tourism export prices of the EU-15 is a novel aspect in the tourism literature since conditional forecasting has rarely been performed in this discipline to date, in particular, in combination with ex ante forecasting.
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Cláudia Seabra and Maximiliano E. Korstanje
The recent COVID-19 virus outbreak, as well as many other global risks, has put the tourism industry on the brink of collapse. Even if interesting advances have been seen the…
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 virus outbreak, as well as many other global risks, has put the tourism industry on the brink of collapse. Even if interesting advances have been seen the light of publicity based on risk perception, no less true seems to be that the current theory is not enough to understand and describe the impacts of new global risks that may destroy the industry in question of weeks. This introductory chapter gives a snapshot on the fragile conditions we are moving today and interrogates further the future of tourism.
Since it was adopted from psychology just after the turn of twentieth century, risk perception theory has multiplied and successfully evolved in the fields of tourism research. A dearth of studies has focused on risk perception over the recent decades. We have certainly identified three clear-cut traditions: demographical school, psychological school and critical perspective. With benefits and problems each theory has shed light trying to measure the impact of global risks in the tourism and hospitality industries.
This book keeps the originality to update what has been published in the earlier decades. We are incorporating new topics to the discussion as well as new epistemologies and methodologies. Gathering different high-quality products authored by well-renowned authors coming from different countries, it lays the foundations to a new understanding of risk perception and tourism safety-security debating the next steps and the real challenges posed on the industry in a not so long near future.
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Joseph M. Cheer, Dominic Lapointe, Mary Mostafanezhad and Tazim Jamal
The aims of this Editorial are twofold: (i) synthesise emergent themes from the special issue (ii) tender four theoretical frameworks toward examination of crises in tourism.
Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this Editorial are twofold: (i) synthesise emergent themes from the special issue (ii) tender four theoretical frameworks toward examination of crises in tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
The thematic analysis of papers highlights a diversity of COVID-19 related crises contexts and research approaches. The need for robust theoretical interventions is highlighted through the four proposed conceptual frameworks.
Findings
Crises provides a valuable seam from which to draw new empirical and theoretical insights. Papers in this special issue address the unfolding of crises in tourism and demonstrate how its theorization demands multi and cross-disciplinary entreaties. This special issue is an invitation to examine how global crises in tourism can be more clearly appraised and theorised. The nature of crisis, and the extent to which the global tourism community can continue to adapt remains in question, as dialogues juxtapose the contradictions between tourism growth and tourism sustainability, and between building back better and returning to normal.
Originality/value
The appraisal of four conceptual frameworks, little used in tourism research provides markers of the theoretical rigour and novelty so often sought. Beck’s risk society reconceptualises risk and the extent to which risk is manmade. Biopolitics refers to the power over the production and reproduction of life itself, where the political stake corresponds to power over society. The political ecology of crisis denaturalises “natural” disasters and their subsequent crises. Justice complements an ethic of care and values like conative empathy to advance social justice and well-being.
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Sujood, Sheeba Hamid and Naseem Bano
This study examines the economic crisis caused by coronavirus on the global tourism industry in general and the Indian tourism industry in particular. This paper highlights the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the economic crisis caused by coronavirus on the global tourism industry in general and the Indian tourism industry in particular. This paper highlights the strategies that tourism companies should implement in times of crisis to reduce the negative impact. It also discovers the business opportunities which can be offered amid this deadly pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a systematic literature review. The literature has been explored by utilizing the keywords “economic crises,” “coronavirus,” “Indian tourism industry,” “Global tourism industry” on the three most popular databases namely Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. In this study, statistics, current events, published research papers and a synthesis of news transmitted by various media sources were used to assess the economic crisis caused by coronavirus.
Findings
The obtained findings demonstrate that coronavirus severely affected the economy of the world and India. The pandemic has hit the economies that are dependent on tourism the worst. These countries are expected to bear the brunt of the crisis's consequences for longer than other economies. This coronavirus outbreak indicates that the tourism industry was unprepared to deal with such a pandemic, which affected and crippled the economy.
Research limitations/implications
This study demonstrates economic crisis, management strategies and business opportunities during any crisis, chaos and disaster, in addition to its academic contribution to the existing body of the literature. Policymakers and industry practitioners might be offered suggestions based on the findings of current study to design futuristic strategies for better economic crisis management. The data given in this study is timely because taking an exact idea of tourism losses through the data is difficult, as the data changes as quickly as the virus spreads.
Originality/value
This paper forms its originality by concentrating on the aspects of economic crisis, strategies to mitigate the negative impact of coronavirus on the tourism economy and detailing the business opportunities which these crises can offer. This paper provides an evaluation of the current status of the tourism economy of the world and India as well.
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The purpose of this paper is to retrace the past development of the global tourism sector to identify past drivers of growth and try to understand which factors will shape the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to retrace the past development of the global tourism sector to identify past drivers of growth and try to understand which factors will shape the sector development in the long term. The paper also intends to initiate a discussion on critical areas the global sector needs to address if it wants to establish as a model for sustainable and inclusive growth.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyses the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors that influenced tourism growth.
Findings
The global tourism sector has experienced continuous expansion and diversification to become one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world. With increased recognition of tourism contribution to economic growth and development, more opportunities will arise for tourism to take centre stage in the political and economic agendas worldwide. Such opportunities can be successfully realised only once the global tourism sector eventually engages to mitigate negative impacts.
Research limitations/implications
The paper is based on an extensive review of published literature; hence, it reflects the view major organisations dealing with tourism have on the future development of this sector. The factors included in this analysis have been prioritised based on the sector knowledge of the authors and may not be reflect other viewpoints.
Practical implications
Tourism could establish itself as a model that puts aspects such as the conservation, preservation and protection of the cultural and natural heritage at the heart of economic development. For global tourism to become a driver of socio-economic change, stronger guidance is needed to set priorities that would lead the sector to mitigate its negative impacts. The paper critically discusses some of those aspects that could become policy priorities for the next decades.
Originality/value
The main value of this piece of research is the extended, cross-disciplinary literature of the factors that conducted to the rapid and healthy growth of the tourism sector worldwide.
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Daniel William Mackenzie Wright
The natural environment is facing unprecedented times owing to rising temperatures from carbon emissions, which travel-related industries contribute significantly towards. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The natural environment is facing unprecedented times owing to rising temperatures from carbon emissions, which travel-related industries contribute significantly towards. The recent global COVID-19 outbreak should be a wake-up call for the industry, as vulnerabilities have been laid bare. The current challenges should be used as a motivation to change the meaning of travel to support the global warming crisis. This paper aims emphasis that, by means of new stories, new values, beliefs and ultimately travel behaviours can be rewritten.
Design/methodology/approach/
This study embraces a pragmatic approach to research. To ensure plausibility, credibility and relevance, the research carried out multi-disciplinary analysis of secondary data, information, knowledge and draws on current developing trends.
Findings
The travel community needs to take responsibility and start reducing its carbon footprint and as carbon neutrality is increasingly a global priority. Accordingly, this research considers potential future travel-related behaviours that could support more carbon-neutral travel. Significantly, it notes how the COVID-19 outbreak has offered insights into potential positive changes. To benefit from these changes, new stories for industry providers are necessary to encourage more carbon-neutral travel practices.
Originality/value
This paper offers timely and original discussions on the future of travel as a result of COVID-19 impacts. It draws on the power of storytelling as a means of achieving behavioural change in the travel community to support the challenge of climate change.
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