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Silicon sensors are semiconductor devices which transform a physical effect (such as pressure, acceleration, flux) into electrical effects (resistance, capacitance variation). Fabrication of these silicon sensors requires very precise control of the silicon micromachining. Some silicon foundries have adapted their experience in integrated circuit manufacturing to silicon sensor production and thus have reduced the costs and dimensions of the silicon sensors. Standard thick film technology has brought versatility to silicon sensor technology. Silicon sensors mounted on a ceramic substrate give fast development, high performance and low cost to OEMs. An alternative solution is the integrated silicon sensor including sensor and circuitry on the same silicon chip. This has been developed for specific applications.

The study aims to describe the main classes of antioxidants existing in fruit, beverages, vegetables and herbs and the different extraction and application of antioxidants in food. Oxidative degradation of lipids, especially induced by reactive oxygen species, leads to quality deterioration of foods and cosmetics and could have harmful effects on health. A major challenge is to develop tools to assess the antioxidant capacity and real efficacy of these molecules. Recently, many review papers regarding antioxidants from different sources and different extraction and quantification procedures have been published. However, none of them has all the information regarding antioxidants (sources, extraction and application in food).

This paper tries to take a different perspective on antioxidants for the new researcher involved in this field.

Antioxidants from fruit, vegetables and beverages play an important role in human health, for example, preventing cancer and cardiovascular diseases and lowering the incidence of different diseases. A number of plant products act as scavengers of free radical species and so have been classified as antioxidants. Antioxidants are an important group of food additives that have the ability to protect against detrimental change of oxidizable nutrients and consequently they extend shelf-life of foods.

Most of the antioxidants present in foods are phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, but their efficacy in food for the prevention of oxidation or in the body for dealing with oxidative stress and its consequences depends on different factors.

This study collected the last finding in the field of sources and applications of natural antioxidants.

This paper aims to investigate the influence of temperature (25-65°C) on the adsorption and the inhibition efficiency of gum arabic (GA) for the corrosion of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 1M HCl.

Inhibition behaviour on steel in HCl has been studied in relation to the concentration of the inhibitor and the temperature using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were calculated from the viewpoint of adsorption theory.

The results show that at a temperature range from 25 to 65°C, GA was a good inhibitor for API 5L X42 pipeline steel, and its inhibition efficiency was significantly stable. The maximum inhibition efficiency (93 per cent) is obtained at 4 g L⁻¹. In absence and presence of GA, there is almost no change in the corrosion mechanism regardless of the temperature. The adsorption of GA on steel surface is an exothermic process. The adsorption of GA involves physical adsorption.

The use of GA as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is practical for carbon steel in HCl.

The stability of inhibition efficiency of GA at a temperature range from 25 to 65°C could find possible applications in acid pickling, industrial acid cleaning and acid descaling.

Purpose: Economic development agendas usually drive innovation, and it is an essential tool for government institutions to promote economic growth. The Quadruple Helix Model of Innovation captures the process by integrating and overlapping knowledge and technology, forming an aggregate output invested in producing more products and services, innovation, and technology. This chapter focuses on how the quadruple helix supports the linkage between knowledge creation, innovation output, and enhancing regional and national competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach: The chapter also illustrates the triple helix concept and then the quadruple helix model of innovation, focusing on the four main aspects, i.e., Government, Universities, Industry, and Civil society. The authors aim to simulate the economic significance of evolving, rapidly adaptive, and interdisciplinary knowledge and innovation ecosystems.

Findings: The findings and examples stated in several different MENA regions can boost the economy as various platforms provide digital transformation, encourage culture awareness in schools, encourage youth empowerment, and support tech start-ups. They can drive forward the index of creativity and innovation within entrepreneurs and the general members of society. Recommendations include a further study to modify the model and customize it based on the country’s needs.

Originality/value: This chapter of the book focuses on the four main aspects of the quadruple helix model of innovation with specific examples in several countries. The chapter would be beneficial for the upcoming entrepreneurs and students who progress in developing tech start-ups and digitization.

Inspection error has been and continues to be an important area of research particularly in statistical quality control. While considerable work has been reported on the effect of inspection error on different sampling plans and the implications thereof, very little seems to have been done to assess the effects of such errors on MIL STD 105D plans. In this article some aspects related to inspection errors and operation of MIL STD 105D plans have been studied. Based on this study some observations have been made which have led to the development of a few subtle practical guidelines that may prove helpful to the operating manager in administering such plans effectively.

ChatGPT is a versatile technology with practical use cases spanning many professional disciplines including marketing. Being a recent innovation, however, there is a lack of academic insight into its tangible applications in the marketing realm. To address this gap, the current study explores ChatGPT’s application in marketing by mining social media data. Additionally, the study employs the stages-of- growth model to assess the current state of ChatGPT’s adoption in marketing organizations.

The study collected tweets related to ChatGPT and marketing using a web-scraping technique (N = 23,757). A topic model was trained on the tweet corpus using latent Dirichlet allocation to delineate ChatGPT’s major areas of applications in marketing.

The topic model produced seven latent topics that encapsulated ChatGPT’s major areas of applications in marketing including content marketing, digital marketing, search engine optimization, customer strategy, B2B marketing and prompt engineering. Further analyses reveal the popularity of and interest in these topics among marketing practitioners.

The findings contribute to the literature by offering empirical evidence of ChatGPT’s applications in marketing. They demonstrate the core use cases of ChatGPT in marketing. Further, the study applies the stages-of-growth model to situate ChatGPT’s current state of adoption in marketing organizations and anticipate its future trajectory.

This paper investigates the roles of the time for system enhancement, work place relocation, and other organizational constructs, such as organization support, task characteristics, intranet characteristics and user characteristics in the use of intranet and web‐enabled applications (IWAs) for supporting management accounting in public hospitals.

The research was carried out in Hong Kong public hospitals, and a pseudo‐longitudinal study spans a duration of one‐and‐a‐half years to observe changes that occur over time. A two‐phased survey research which investigated how the use of IWAs supports management accounting was also conducted for this study.

The survey results unearthed a number of findings. In the phase I survey, intranet user information satisfaction had a direct significant impact on information quality of management accounting systems (MASIQ). The extent of task characteristics also improves the performance of MASIQ. However, mixed research results were found regarding the presence of top management support and IS experience of users and their contribution to intranet user information satisfaction and MASIQ. User training also did not show any significant impact on intranet user information satisfaction and MASIQ. The phase II survey results reflect two additional findings. First, workplace relocation (one office management practice) was found to have a negative impact on the support of management accounting. Second, the time for system enhancement improves the acceptance of IWAs in public hospitals.

The study provides support for certain prior research findings though some other findings were not consistent with expectations. The study was based on 157 hospital executives in the phase I survey and 147 hospital executives in the phase II survey. The findings are generalized reliably to the population studied – Hong Kong public hospitals. More research is needed for explorations of these findings. The research results contribute to the knowledge of uses of intranet for management accounting and control in public hospitals.

The research offers insights into management accounting and control systems, as they are implemented through intranet in public hospitals. Work place relocation is less effective for grouping talents to work in offices at different locations. Face‐to‐face communication at a workplace is more efficient than communication through intranet applications. The study reinforced the belief that top management support is of prior concern in improving managerial performance.

The roles of IWAs on the time for system enhancement and workplace relocation have not previously been studied. The results provide some useful support of prior findings and some modifications as well as extensions that further understanding in these areas.

Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management improvement tool that entails radical changes to organizations' core processes, culture and legacy systems. Although BPR initiatives are favored by many mangers, employees on the other hand, perceive BPR as a potential threat to lose their jobs. This research aims to enhance the employee perception toward BPR implementation in the construction industry as BPR asks for job enlargement (number of different tasks) and enrichment (degree of responsibility) and doesn’t target the workforce downsizing by itself.

The research is conducted in Saudi Arabia by involving experienced construction industry practitioners in a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to gain an insightful perception toward BPR constituents. BPR asks for job enlargement (number of different tasks) and enrichment (degree of responsibility). The survey questionnaire is verified from the literature related to BPR and pilot study through experienced construction practitioners. The experts validated the findings.

The findings of this research reveal a general positive acceptance toward BPR constituents in construction industry. Jobs enrichment and enlargement should be approached: by integrating IT with business functions (especially communication); developing flexible management systems; and encouraging and empowering employees to generate value through their jobs with more delegated authority.

The work is one of the few studies to address the concept of Business Process Reengineering in the construction industry. We explore two research questions as detailed in the submission (BPR perception in the construction industry, and how to have a successful BPR by job enlargement and enrichment. The methods can be extended to other industries and in different parts in the world.

The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the most recent literature concerning document supply and related matters.

The article is based on the reading of over 150 journals as well as monographs, reports and websites.

That the fundamental debate on the direction of scholarly publishing continues intensely. Electronic books remain a minority market but screen readability has improved significantly. The mass digitisation of books continues apace. Open access continues to grow but with widely differing views on its impact – the publishers start to fight back.

The paper is a useful source of information for librarians and others interested in document supply and related matters.

To strengthen the correlation analysis on risk factors of drug production safety and reduce the influence due to fuzzy judgments, a safety risk assessment method based on Grey-Analytic Network Process (G-ANP) is proposed.

First, an index system evaluating drug production safety risk is constructed according to the “Good Manufacture Practice of Medical Products,” next the influence weight of each risk index is derived by using the Analytic Network Process, then the grey number of each risk index is determined by further utilizing the grey statistical theory, and finally the risk level of drug production is obtained.

An empirical study is conducted and the results support the feasibility and practicability to use G-ANP method for drug production safety risk evaluation. The results of the case show that it is feasible and practical to use G-ANP method for drug production safety risk evaluation.

The innovation lies in the use of G-ANP method to fully consider the interdependence and interaction between the risk factors of drug production safety, which improves the objectivity in judging the risk level of drug production and provides a scientific basis for pharmaceutical manufacturers to formulate further decisions and management in the case of insufficient quantification of risk factors. Based on the findings, more targeted suggestions are made to reduce the production risk of pharmaceutical enterprises.