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1 – 7 of 7Using data from the U.S. Census in conjunction with data from the Current Population Survey (1980–2009), I find little support for the opt-out revolution – highly educated women…
Abstract
Using data from the U.S. Census in conjunction with data from the Current Population Survey (1980–2009), I find little support for the opt-out revolution – highly educated women, relative to their less-educated counterparts, are exiting the labor force to care for their families at higher rates today than in earlier time periods – if one focuses solely on the decision to work a positive number of hours irrespective of marital status or race. If one, however, focuses on both the decision to work a positive number of hours and the decision to adjust annual hours of work (conditional on working), I find some evidence of the opt-out revolution, particularly among white college educated married women in male-dominated occupations.
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Cintya Lanchimba, Hugo Porras, Yasmin Salazar and Josef Windsperger
Although previous research has examined the role of franchising for the economic development of countries, no empirical study to date has investigated the importance of…
Abstract
Purpose
Although previous research has examined the role of franchising for the economic development of countries, no empirical study to date has investigated the importance of franchising for social, infrastructural, and institutional development. The authors address this research gap by applying research results from the field of sustainable entrepreneurship and highlight that franchising has a positive impact on economic, social, institutional and infrastructural development.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a fixed-effects model on a panel dataset for 2006–2015 from 49 countries to test the hypothesis that franchising positively influences various dimensions of country development such as economic social institutional and infrastructural development.
Findings
The findings highlight that franchising has a positive impact on the economic, social, infrastructural, and institutional development of a country. Specifically, the results show that the earlier and the more franchising systems enter a country, the stronger the positive impact of franchising on the country's economic, social, institutional, and infrastructural development.
Research limitations/implications
This study has several limitations that provide directions for further research. First, the empirical investigation is limited by the characteristics of the data, which are composed of information from 49 countries (covering a period of 10 years). Because franchising is not recognized as a form of entrepreneurial governance in many emerging and developing countries, the available information is mainly provided by the franchise associations in the various countries. Hence, there is a need to collect additional data in each country and to include additional countries. Second, although the authors included developed and developing countries in the analysis, the authors could not differentiate between developed and developing countries when testing the hypotheses, because the database was not sufficiently complete. Third, future studies should analyze the causality issue between franchising and development more closely. The role of franchising in development may be changing depending on different unobserved country factors, economic sector characteristics, or development stages.
Practical implications
What are the practical implications of this study for the role of franchising in the development of emerging and developing economies? Because public policy in emerging and developing countries suffers from a lack of financial resources to improve the social, infrastructural and institutional environment, entrepreneurs, such as franchisors who expand into these countries, play an important role for these countries' development. In addition to their entrepreneurial role of exploring and exploiting profit opportunities, they are social, institutional, and political entrepreneurs who may positively influence country development (Schaltegger and Wagner, 2011; Shepard and Patzelt, 2011). Specifically, the findings highlight that countries with an older franchise sector (more years of franchise experience) may realize first-mover advantages and hence larger positive spillover effects on their economic, social, institutional and infrastructural development than countries with a younger franchise sector. Hence, governments of emerging and developing countries have the opportunity and responsibility to reduce potential market entry barriers and provide additional incentives for franchise systems in order to trigger these positive spillover effects. The authors expect that the spillover effects from the franchise sector on the economic, institutional, social and infrastructural development of a country are stronger in emerging and developing countries than in developed countries.
Originality/value
Previous research has focused on the impact of franchising on the economic development of a country, such as its growth of gross domestic product (GDP), employment, business skills, innovation and technology transfer. This study extends the existing literature by going beyond the impact of franchising on economic development: the results show that franchising as an entrepreneurial activity offers opportunities for economic, social, institutional, and infrastructural development, all of which are particularly important for emerging and developing economies. The findings of this study contribute to the international franchise and development economics literature by offering a better understanding of the impact of franchising on country development.
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Edward Nissan and Farhang Niroomand
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the levels of extensive (wider set of goods) and intensive (larger quantities of each good) margins for 126 countries grouped by income…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the levels of extensive (wider set of goods) and intensive (larger quantities of each good) margins for 126 countries grouped by income and development hierarchies.
Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of variance and the coefficient of variation were used to find similarities and differences between and within the groups of countries.
Findings
Results show that the extensive margin accounts for a large share of exports of rich countries.
Originality/value
This paper highlights export margins (extensive and intensive) for groups of countries.
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This chapter estimates the impact of a transitory reduction in hours during physicians' early career on their long-term labor supply, using the work-hour regulations on medical…
Abstract
This chapter estimates the impact of a transitory reduction in hours during physicians' early career on their long-term labor supply, using the work-hour regulations on medical residents as the source of exogenous variation. The results show that exposure to the regulations significantly decreases practicing physicians' labor supply by about 4 hours per week on average, with female physicians being more responsive to a given reduction in early career hours. Distributional results using a changes-in-changes model confirm that the regulations primarily affect the upper end of the work-hour distribution. To reveal potential mechanisms of these effects, this study finds that the reform increases the probabilities of marriage and having a child, as well as the total number of children, for female physicians. In contrast, it does not have a significant impact on marriage and fertility outcomes for male physicians. These findings provide a better understanding of physicians' hours of work in response to the reform over time and the role of gender with respect to labor supply behavior and family formation decisions.
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The purpose of this paper is to reveal links between managers developing their reflective practice and the emergence of poetic expression in their writing.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reveal links between managers developing their reflective practice and the emergence of poetic expression in their writing.
Design/methodology/approach
The author runs the Master's year of a university program that helps business leaders', managers, professionals and consultants develop their abilities for leading and managing major change projects using action research. She reflects back over the 12 years of the program and recognizes a link between the development of reflective practice and the emergence of poetry and, increasingly, poetic expression.
Findings
At the same time as participants' actions are involving them in dynamically complex issues, working beyond events and into the forces that shape change, it is possible to reflect on what they are learning and how they might express it. As they slow down their thinking, become more reflective and inquire into the assumptions on which their actions are based, and then attempt to articulate this, they begin to experience the re‐sounding of their own voices. For many, poetry emerges – in the margins – at the edge of what can be said in words.
Practical implications
A major implication for universities and researchers is the realization that a shift from the non‐participating “researcher” to the participating “I” is much more than grammatical. Each constitutes a different socially constructed world, uses a different language and is borne on a different voice.
Originality/value
There is everyday, practical value in realizing that reflective practice and poetic expression are linked, and that expressing our “selves” in texts that are vital breathes life into our words and our actions in the world.
Le Khuong Ninh and Truong Diem Kieu
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers in Ca Mau.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers in Ca Mau.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature review, the authors proposed six hypotheses on the determinants of the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers. Data collected from 120 shrimp farmers in Ca Mau were used to test the proposed hypotheses.
Findings
Two out of six determinants, i.e. the size of input order (a pulling factor) and the competition among input suppliers (a pushing factor), are significantly positively associated with the amount of trade credit granted to shrimp farmers. No impact of the other determinants was found. The findings imply that shrimp farmers should join cooperatives to enhance access to trade credit and mitigate the risk for input suppliers.
Originality/value
This paper sheds light on the fact that trade credit is still granted to such risky buyers as shrimp farmers, which has not been explored by previous studies.
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Leonor Gaspar Pinto and Paula Ochôa
The purpose of this paper is to discuss emerging practices in open evaluation, namely, the concept of co-evaluation and how research on evaluation developed within information…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss emerging practices in open evaluation, namely, the concept of co-evaluation and how research on evaluation developed within information science can contribute to enhance stakeholders and citizens’ involvement in open science.
Design/methodology/approach
A meta-evaluative and transdisciplinary approach – directed toward the intersection between information science, evaluation, competences management, sustainability transitions management and participatory methodologies – provided the basis for the identification and subsequent reflection on the levels of stakeholder participation embedded into ISO 16439’s (2014) methods for assessing the impact of libraries and on the domains and competences to be mobilized for (co)evaluation. The contributions of Engaged 2020 Action Catalogue, as well as several taxonomies of evaluator competences and the Council of Europe’s (2016) conceptual model of competences for a democratic culture were particularly relevant for this (re)construction process.
Findings
Two results of the line of research carried out since 2012 at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (Portugal) can significantly contribute to improve stakeholders’ participation in Open Science: ISO 16439’s systematization of methods and procedures for assessing the impact of libraries and the (co-)evaluation competency framework.
Originality/value
This paper presents the transdisciplinary concept of co-evaluation and examines the current epistemological challenges to science by analyzing the general tendency to openness through the lens of research on evaluation and participatory methods developed within information science.
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