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This study aims to describe how the Nishimatsuya Chain Company, Ltd has established an innovative business model.

This study examines Nishimatsuya's business model for its value proposition, business processes, internal and external management resources, and profitability.

Establishing simple, clear customer value creates a unique business model.

This study determined that a business model begins with identifying what customers really want. The value proposition innovates a business model by rethinking business processes, management resources, and profitability.

The Nishimatsuya case study suggests that identifying the value proposition underlies establishing a creative business model.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how a follower company sets its survival strategy and creates its own business model to implement the strategy.

The paper examines the case of Shimamura from the viewpoint of its strategy, business model, business processes, managerial resources and value proposition.

Shimamura’s strategy is to avoid competition by creating a high entry barrier in its main market of local city areas. Shimamura dominates the market by opening its stores intensively in one area and eliminates its competitors to sell its products at a lower price. Shimamura continuously improves its low-cost operating system and develops comprehensive and evolutionary manuals to implement the strategy. Moreover, Shimamura adopts a flexible approach to changing its value proposition by combining its original value with new values.

The case study of Shimamura suggests that the survival of a follower company depends on building a strong business model that implements a clear and simple strategy.

The probability coding and reconstruction of information in the block‐system “Coding and Reconstruction” are examined in respect of the proposed block‐system organization and Instantaneous Human Memory. A definition is given of the capacity, the law of volume distribution and the capacity of buffer “sensual” registers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions under which small independent retailers can improve their business performance by adopting a merchandising information orientation and strategically integrating into retailer buying groups.

This study tests hypotheses using a hierarchical multiple regression model and data obtained from 241 supermarket retailers that are existing members of buying groups in Japan.

The results indicate that merchandising information orientation alone may not be a beneficial strategy for small independent retailers to improve their business performance; however, by combining a merchandising information strategy with strong strategic integration with a buying group, optimal benefits can be achieved.

The findings highlight the potential benefits small independent retailers can gain from buying groups when pursuing a merchandising information orientation, which may prompt such retailers to actively integrate the policies and activities of the buying group into their business strategy.

The authors conceptualise retailers’ merchandising information in a model that demonstrates the link between a firm’s information strategy and its performance from the perspective of resource-based theory. Thus, this study advances the knowledge of the strategic behaviours of small independent retailers and provides valuable information for buying groups in the retail sector.

Integrated supply chain in pharmaceutical industry requires organized planning and modeling of each strategic element of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC). The aim is to coordinate each activity of PSC and design a robust strategy to make the system hassle-free. Each activity of industry is interdependent and follows certain co-relations with each other. The paper focuses on the four most significant identified issues in PSC and analyses the weightages of these issues and their sub issues with respect to cost incurred and time taken to manage whole chain of supply.

Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process methodology has been applied to rank the issues which consume maximum time and/or costs.

The derived result shows that warehouse design and management (WDM) consumes more than one third of the total time and around half of the total cost. Other than WDM, process of supplier selection for procurement is second most time and cost consuming issue. The derived results are discussed and provided to the field experts of the area. The analysis will be useful for decision makers to economize PSC.

The study is limited to PSC; hence, result may vary with other practical situations.

This generated scope for further research on how to minimize the weightage of WDM for cost and time in PSC industry so that decision-makers can optimize the economic system of PSC.

The research is based on the field survey of India’s largest generic medicine distributing company in the government sector; hence, analysis has been performed on real situation.

Organisations either keep spares for their own use, or‐for‐sale to other organisations. In either case, the ultimate need is to be able to replace worn or defective parts in operational machinery or equipment. In an economic sense, spares are kept to meet the needs of the situation in the cheapest way.

A distinction must be drawn between a dismissal on the one hand, and on the other a repudiation of a contract of employment as a result of a breach of a fundamental term of that contract. When such a repudiation has been accepted by the innocent party then a termination of employment takes place. Such termination does not constitute dismissal (see London v. James Laidlaw & Sons Ltd (1974) IRLR 136 and Gannon v. J. C. Firth (1976) IRLR 415 EAT).

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.

The study aims to understand the new retail phenomenon of limited store hours. Specifically, the study explores the viability of the retail operation and how the owners of those businesses strategically compensate for fewer hours of operation (e.g. four days a month).

A qualitative, multiple-case study was conducted via interviews with six female owners of women's apparel/accessory or home furnishings shops, both independent and franchised operations. The duration of interviews ranged from 45 to 90 minutes. Transcripts were analysed using constant comparative methods.

Ten major themes emerged from the interview data. Data supported the three propositions involving connections between lower pricing strategy and limited store hours, consumers' shopping flexibility and limited store hours, and relationship marketing practices and limited store hours.

Findings are drawn primarily from data provided by female owners of stores selling apparel/accessory or home furnishing products in one region of the USA. Future research is encouraged to examine a variety of retail product categories, level of open store hours and locations, and customers' perspectives about this type of businesses.

Retail operations with limited hours were deemed cost effective and thus provide entrepreneurial opportunities that allow balance between work and home life.

Scant research has investigated the phenomenon of businesses that are open limited store hours, though much has been written from the traditional business model in which the retail operation is open nearly around the clock. This exploratory study reveals the feasibility and personal benefits of operating a limited hour shop.