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This paper describes a robotic system developed for tiling mosaics based on image processing according to customer expectations.

Many varieties of mosaics art in different forms has been applied manually over centuries for art decorating. Although the mosaics material is cheap with immense decorative potential, the mosaics tiling process is difficult and costly skill to perform. Therefore, an image processing based robotic tiling system has been presented and applied in this study. An algorithm has been developed for converting the computer image to mosaic picture by using Borland C++ Builder 6.0 and successfully utilized on six degrees of freedom Ultimate Puma 500 type industrial robot for tiling glass mosaics to any plane.

According to result of this study, it can be realized that the robots could be successfully utilized on decorating processes, e.g. tiling mosaics, for faster and flexible production.

Presented robotic system allows the craftsmen to produce large and extra ordinary mosaic figures by using computer image and glass mosaic tiles. The goal of using a robot in this application is to increase the speed without man‐faults and flexibility.

This chapter aims to present the idea of leader robots (LRs) and proposes how LRs can step in to fill various manager positions. LRs are the robots that lead robots. Robotics engineers have already produced many robots for various applications such as in manufacturing, marketing, accounting even human resources in business management. We have witnessed many significant advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence research to achieve digital transformation. There are robots for various purposes of providing digital transformation toward Industry 5.0. Some post-modern organizations have already had robot employees and artificial intelligence applications. There are many studies on human–robot collaboration, robot development, and robot employee but limited research on LR. In this study, therefore, it is discussed the possibility of LRs that may be a key concept of Industry 5.0 in perspective digital transformation. Therefore, it is believed that this study will be one of the focuses of many upcoming organizational robotics research studies.

Throughout history, enterprises have tried to survive by competing in a dynamic environment. This competition has currently been to be more severe more in the age of Industry 4.0 due to modern automation systems, production technologies, and data exchanges. Today’s high technology and speed environment changes have created volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) for almost all companies. To be able to cope with these environmental conditions, they have to be more dynamic, have more flexible and agile abilities. Not only it is not enough to have these abilities but also they need to use these abilities effectively. As to usage of these capabilities, it depends on organizational structure that have been built by considering several situational factors such as technology, technological change, innovation, and environmental instability. Organizational structure is a very important variable to increase the performance of the organization and to gain competitive advantage over enterprises’ competitors. In order that this study is guide for practitioners, it has been tried to explain the linkages among VUCA World, organizational structure and competitive advantage. Also, suggestions have been offered them to build their organization structure in order to be competitive by gaining success in three platforms called human resources, knowledge, and technology.

The future will see a new revolution in both industry and society in Industry 5.0. Human–robot collaboration and robotic management will be critical components of Industry 5.0. In this revolution, humans and robots will collaborate to improve process efficiency by utilizing human intelligence and innovation. Industry 5.0 creates a powerful framework for modern digital smart factories and manufacturing technologies through complex systems, and it is constructed to interact with powerful computing power, to solve complex problems more efficiently and with less human intervention in this Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous, Radicality, and Rapidity (VUCA-RR) world. To overcome VUCA-RR world, Industry 5.0 involves a combination of human and robotic systems for sustainable development. Managers, practitioners, researchers, and educators are scrambling to understand and implement the method as well as to find best practices toward Industry 5.0. This chapter will draw attention to research and practice topics in the VUCA-RR and business agility development methodology in perspective of Industry 5.0.

The world is changing fast and pace of changes that are being observed since start of the twenty-first century have never been observed before. Due to such changes and their impact, world is described in terms of Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA). The trend of industry 4.0 is also said to be an another contributing factor into the VUCA environment. The VUCA creates a lot of challenges for organization from the perspective of management and leadership. Both business and leadership agility are needed more than VUCA as the VUCA world is becoming old. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to review the literature and to summarize the understanding with regard to managing VUCA-RR world in an era of Industry 4.0. Since the advent of term VUCA, many researchers have provided theoretical model and framework to guide managers regarding to their action and strategies. But, current research postulates based upon the literature that agile management’s tools and techniques are highly effective in managing the situation of VUCA-RR in the era of Industry 4.0. The research concludes that Industry 4.0 together with VUCA-RR and indecently possess to change management challenges to organizations. The organization can be in better position to manage change management challenges posed by Industry 4.0 by implementing the agile management. The Industry 4.0 will latter compliment to agile management tools and techniques which will make any organization to become a better equipped to face the VUCA-RR world. The research has also concluded that agile management powered by Industry 4.0 enabling technologies presents enormous opportunity in the form of VUCA 2.0 (Vision, Understanding, Courage, Adoptability, Rapidity and Radicality) that can be used to square off the effect of VUCA-RR world.

While the studies on the use of smart robots in the production, which is known as the Industry 4.0 revolution, continue rapidly, the competition race is in the right proportion with this and businesses that do not want to fall behind the age have to follow the developments in Industry 4.0 and adapt. This chapter examines the Industry 4.0 revolution and its effect on accounting. Incorrect information from one of the business departments affects the entire system. Especially in the accounting department, which records the financial movements of the business and reports the results of them, and which is effective in making decisions that affect the whole business based on these results, the use of smart systems helps to reduce human-made mistakes and the system to act faster while also the systems used in traditional accounting are abandoned. However, brain power is still required, which must analyze the results. While the revolution is still developing, there are a lot of theories about the future. The expected outcome of these is that with the revolution, the need for brain power to analyze system outputs will increase, even if the need for human labour in the industry decreases. In this context, especially those who perform the accounting profession must constantly renew themselves.

Development of the technology, besides creating opportunities for the world, and making people’s lives easier on the one hand, has also created difficulties, on the other hand. The processes on the earth have accelerated, and the environment has become more unpredictable. That was the ground of emerging VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) in military services and afterwards in the business sector.

The rapid development of different directions, especially of technology, made mankind rethink about attitudes, find out, and expand their skills in order to be effective in the constantly changing environment. The reality that the competencies obtained before were not sufficient became obvious. Nowadays, VUCA leaders with their sophisticated and vital skills are extremely necessary for the business to reach the goal with minimal loss.

Higher education, as in every circumstance, in this case also has its huge impact and significance. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for education, which on its end, is the starting point of development and restructuring the complex reality. Redesigning the teaching and learning environment can prepare future VUCA leaders. In case the universities try to provide a new generation with the skills necessary for the existing reality rather than following the obsolete flow, the business sector will get workflow more prepared for VUCA challenges.

The chapter discusses and presents the necessity of updated leadership skills in the VUCA reality and the role of higher education in stepping forwards to turning VUCA disruptions into VUCA possibilities.

With the rapid development of technology in the era of digitalization, Industry 4.0 has become a reference for R&D studies in various sectors. The rapid development of technology makes the life of societies and people easier. For this reason, governments tend to develop their technologies and to encourage organizations in this field for this purpose. The concept of Industry 5.0 or Society 5.0 explains the revolution in people's lives with the development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Today, many interrelated factors are rapidly preparing people for a complex and volatile future. This situation is accepted as the “new normal” and is defined as VUCA-RR (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity, Rapidity, Radicality). Variability refers to the increasing pace of change, uncertainty, unpredictability in life. Complexity indicates difficulties in relationships in life, and ambiguity indicates difficulties in understanding the events around us. The advancement and widespread use of digital technologies will enable organizations to develop sustainable strategies by providing them with the opportunity to grow by achieving sustainable competitiveness and profit in the VUCA-RR environment.

This study aims to apply new modifications by changing the nonlinear logarithmic calculation steps in the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) method. Geometric and harmonic mean from multiplicative functions is used for the modifications made while extracting the effects of the criteria on the overall performance one by one. Instead of the nonlinear logarithmic measure used in the MEREC method, it is desired to obtain results that are closer to the mean and have a lower standard deviation.

The MEREC method is based on the removal effects of the criteria on the overall performance. The method uses a logarithmic measure with a nonlinear function. MEREC-G using geometric mean and MEREC-H using harmonic mean are introduced in this study. The authors compared the MEREC method, its modifications and some other objective weight determination methods.

MEREC-G and MEREC-H variants, which are modifications of the MEREC method, are shown to be effective in determining the objective weights of the criteria. Findings of the MEREC-G and MEREC-H variants are more convenient, simpler, more reasonable, closer to the mean and have fewer deviations. It was determined that the MEREC-G variant gave more compatible findings with the entropy method.

Decision-making can occur at any time in any area of life. There are various criteria and alternatives for decision-making. In multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models, it is a very important distinction to determine the criteria weights for the selection/ranking of the alternatives. The MEREC method can be used to find more reasonable or average results than other weight determination methods such as entropy. It can be expected that the MEREC method will be more used in daily life problems and various areas.

Objective weight determination methods evaluate the weights of the criteria according to the scores of the determined alternatives. In this study, the MEREC method, which is an objective weight determination method, has been expanded. Although a nonlinear measurement model is used in the literature, the contribution was made in this study by using multiplicative functions. As an important originality, the authors demonstrated the effect of removing criteria in the MEREC method in a sensitivity analysis by actually removing the alternatives one by one from the model.