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The purpose of this paper is to develop new types of anchor bolt materials by adding corrosion-resistant elements for alloying and microstructure regulation.

Three new anchor bolt materials were designed around the 1Ni system. The stress corrosion cracking resistance of the new materials was characterized by microstructure observation, electrochemical testing and slow strain rate tensile testing.

The strength of the new anchor bolt materials has been improved, and the stress corrosion sensitivity has been reduced. The addition of Nb makes the material exhibit excellent stress corrosion resistance under –1,200 mV conditions, but the expected results were not achieved when Nb and Sb were coupled.

The new anchor bolt materials designed around 1Ni have excellent stress corrosion resistance, which is the development direction of future materials. Nb allows the material to retain its ability to extend in hydrogen-evolution environments.

In order to understand the status of the bridge reinforcement process, the construction process monitoring of the reinforced bridge is carried out. The T-beam bridge was tested using the truck loading test. The displacements and concrete strains of the bridge at mid-span were measured during the test.

This paper describes an innovative technique, external prestressing, used to strengthen a 36-year-old prestressed T-beam bridge. This paper introduces the construction process of the prestressed reinforcement method, and makes a theoretical analysis of the reinforced bridge through the establishment of the reinforcement model.

This study showed that the structural capacity and performance of the bridge were enhanced with externally prestressed steel strand strengthening.

The innovative reinforcement method of prestressed T-shaped bridge is put forward, which has guiding significance for similar bridge reinforcement and maintenance.

The purpose of this paper is to describe cost effective structural design procedures to support catalytic reactors used in hydrocarbon industry. Three case studies are presented using various reactor models. Modularization and transportation challenges are also discussed. The scope of the paper is limited only to the structural and construction aspects. The chemical and mechanical designs are not covered in this paper.

Finite element strategies are developed to model load transfer to reactor’s supports and to simulate soil/structure interaction. Fictitious nodes are generated at bolt locations to transfer the reactor’s loadings from the skirt to the pile cap. Soil-pile interaction is modeled using horizontal and vertical springs along the pile embedded length. Flexible supports are used at the bottom of the piles to stimulate the end bearing of the soil bed. The approach is demonstrated for several case studies of reactors support system.

The described algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. Furthermore, the procedure can be used in practice for design catalytic reactor support.

The paper provides very useful guidelines that can be utilized in practice for design of catalytic reactor supports system. The procedure is cost effective and computationally efficient.

Extensive efforts were made in the past to develop economical procedures for catalytic reactors design. Much of the work focused on the process and mechanical aspects of catalytic reactors. Very limited work addressed the structural design aspects. Furthermore, no guidelines are available in current codes of practice.

THE Beagle B.206‐S aircraft is a low‐wing monoplane of all‐metal stressed skin construction powered by two Continental Type GTSIO‐520C engines driving Hartzell constant‐speed, fully feathering propellers.

The purpose of this paper is to communicate and share experiences with other dam designers, operators and maintenance officers arising from the rehabilitation of the Osborne Dam outlets, pursuant to informing future dam outlet designs and rehabilitation of similar dam outlets.

This paper documents and utilizes actual events that occurred before and during the rehabilitation of the outlets. Some solutions applied were unique, with resultant innovative engineering designs being decided on site. Realizing that a descriptive research format would best serve the sharing of experiences of the outlets’ rehabilitation, the case study approach was selected. Before commencement of the rehabilitation works, the different operational problems that had been identified, photographed and documented by the dam’s operating staff were verified by the dam owner’s engineers, technicians and consultants. Visual and photographic verification was done using divers for areas under water. Literature review was conducted so as to learn from solutions employed elsewhere. A physical model of the solution considered the best way to keep the intake tower dry was made and tested.

The outlets’ rehabilitation works, taking 12 months to complete at a total cost of US$5 million, involved installation of new service gates, replacement of the sleeve valves, refurbishment of the butterfly valves and provision of dewatering pumps.

This paper offers unique experiences and lessons for dam designers and other dam operation and maintenance officers while contributing to the body of knowledge of outlet works rehabilitation.

The purpose of this research is to measure incompatibilities between the manufacturing approaches (MA) used by the manufacturing industries, and those used for the off-site construction (OSC) of buildings. The aim is to explore which of these approaches could be integrated into OSC in a precise manner as viewed by architects as well as how this might occur.

An empirical research and empirical cycle (EC) was adopted as a methodological framework to measure incompatibilities. A combination of quantitative and qualitative mixed methods was explored through a literature-based case study of prefabricated houses and cars, nine real-life projects built by the second author's research team and the first-named author's practical experiences of leading these projects, based on a logic framework derived from the authors’ reflections of their architectural practices.

The findings quantitatively present the incompatibilities between cars (automobile bodies) and prefabricated houses. Design-related aspects have the most potential for integration (42.3% increment). The key lessons were identified as specific design philosophies and related guidelines for architects.

The findings are limited to single types of products (cars) and buildings (prefabricated houses) in particular regions. The key lessons just present a preliminary evaluation of the application of the design philosophies and related guidelines in nine real-life projects to comply with word limit constraints.

This study could help architects and other practitioners to locate and target and alleviated incompatibilities between MA and OSC. It could also precisely identify integration shortcomings to optimize decision-making as well as technical pathways for possible and effective breakthroughs.

This study provides fundamental research as a starting point for further discussion and development. A series of additional in-depth investigations combined with case studies are planned for the future. These could provide alternative study approaches to develop more appropriate architectural design methodologies and more streamlined processes.

The research contributes an alternative architectural perspective when measuring incompatibilities between MA and OSC. The results highlight the implications of precise measurement and provide guidance for architects. These facilitate the effective and successful integration of MA into OSC of buildings and promote the uptake of lean construction (LC) in OSC.

Reports on the MSc group design project of students at the College of Aeronautics, aerospace vehicle design in 1995. The students worked on advanced short take‐off and vertical landing of a combat aircraft. Details the project showing aircraft dimensions and design. Full assessment of the results is pending, but outlines a number of problems faced by the students.

Smiths Industries is to supply the head‐up display system for the Sea Harrier. The company will design, develop and make the electronic head‐up display and weapon aiming computer system for the latest version of the HS Harrier which will operate from Royal Navy ships.