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Article
Publication date: 31 December 2007

Eleftheria Katsiri, Jean Bacon and Alan Mycroft

The event‐driven paradigm is appropriate for context aware, distributed applications, yet basic events may be too low level to be meaningful to users. The authors aim to argue…

Abstract

Purpose

The event‐driven paradigm is appropriate for context aware, distributed applications, yet basic events may be too low level to be meaningful to users. The authors aim to argue that this bottom‐up approach is insufficient to handle very low‐level sensor data or to express all the queries users might wish to make.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose an alternative model for querying and subscribing transparently to distributed state in a real‐time, ubiquitous, sensor‐driven environment such as is found in Sentient Computing.

Findings

The framework consists of four components: a state‐based, temporal first‐order logic (TFOL) model that represents the concrete state of the world, as perceived by sensors; an expressive TFOL‐based language, the Abstract Event Specification Language (AESL) for creating abstract event definitions, subscriptions and queries; a higherorder service (Abstract Event Detection Service) that accepts a subscription containing an abstract event definition as an argument and in return publishes an interface to a further service, an abstract event detector; and a satisfiability service that applies classical, logical satisfiability in order to check the satisfiability of the AESL definitions against the world model, in a manner similar to a constraint‐satisfaction problem.

Originality/value

The paper develops a model‐based approach, appropriate for distributed, heterogeneous environments.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 August 2022

Si Shen, Chuan Jiang, Haotian Hu, Youshu Ji and Dongbo Wang

Reorganising unstructured academic abstracts according to a certain logical structure can help scholars not only extract valid information quickly but also facilitate the faceted…

Abstract

Purpose

Reorganising unstructured academic abstracts according to a certain logical structure can help scholars not only extract valid information quickly but also facilitate the faceted search of academic literature. This study aims to build a high-performance model for identifying of the functional structures of unstructured abstracts in the social sciences.

Design/methodology/approach

This study first investigated the structuring of abstracts in academic articles in the field of social sciences, using large-scale statistical analyses. Then, the functional structures of sentences in the abstract in a corpus of more than 3.5 million abstracts were identified from sentence classification and sequence tagging by using several models based on either machine learning or a deep learning approach, and the results were compared.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the functional structures of sentences in abstracts in social science manuscripts include the background, purpose, methods, results and conclusions. The experimental results show that the bidirectional encoder representation from transformers exhibited the best performance, the overall F1 score of which was 86.23%.

Originality/value

The data set of annotated social science abstract is generated and corresponding models are trained on the basis of the data set, both of which are available on Github (https://github.com/Academic-Abstract-Knowledge-Mining/SSCI_Abstract_Structures_Identification). Based on the optimised model, a Web application for the identification of the functional structures of abstracts and their faceted search in social sciences was constructed to enable rapid and convenient reading, organisation and fine-grained retrieval of academic abstracts.

Article
Publication date: 9 August 2011

Christiane M. Herr

This paper connects the notions of abstract and actual based on a reflection of the Chinese notions of xiangsheng (mutual arising) and xushi (abstract/actual, empty/full). These…

279

Abstract

Purpose

This paper connects the notions of abstract and actual based on a reflection of the Chinese notions of xiangsheng (mutual arising) and xushi (abstract/actual, empty/full). These word pairs enable a conception of abstract and actual that shows an alternative to, and which complements, distinctions of the terms that are based in dualism and rationalism.

Design/methodology/approach

The author sidesteps methodological rigour as practiced in the West as the style of thought introduced here shows a picture of abstract and actual arising from mutual interdependence rather than attempting to describe and formally distinguish abstract and actual through an observer‐independent methodology.

Findings

Discussing the relationship of actual and abstract from the viewpoint of the Chinese cultural tradition, this paper shows how abstract and actual may be thought of as a mutually generating, dynamic and polar relationship. The discussion further provides a basis for understanding how perceptions of abstract and actual can be understood as choices made by observers.

Research limitations/implications

This research is based on the limited personal experience of the author as a teacher of architectural design at one Taiwanese and one Chinese university.

Originality/value

This paper reflects on the relationship of abstract and actual from a non‐dualist viewpoint by introducing traditional Chinese ways of seeing and appreciating, and connecting this perspective to cybernetic and radical constructivist epistemologies. To show the relationship between abstract and actual as polar and mutually arising, the paper focuses particularly on making and experiencing in and through creative processes.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 40 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1974

Richard R. Centing

There is not enough space in this introduction to present a definitive analysis of the word serial, or even of the qualification of the term for this column, reference serial, and…

Abstract

There is not enough space in this introduction to present a definitive analysis of the word serial, or even of the qualification of the term for this column, reference serial, and I would refer all such questions to the monographs treating the subject of serial bibliography. The purpose of this column simply is to review abstracting services, indexes, digests, serial bibliographies, loose‐leaf updating services, yearbooks, reviewing services, and annual guides and directories which are issued on a continuing basis for reference uses. Serials to be generally excluded from review in “Reference Serials” include monographic series, encyclopedic sets, proceedings, magazines and government publications, all of which are either treated elsewhere in RSR or other journals of the profession. There is no clear‐cut division that will define the coverage of this column since some series like annual reviews, which collect papers on a specific topic, deserve to be treated as reference serials, and some magazines are so highly specialized that they are in essence abstracts and indexes.

Details

Reference Services Review, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0090-7324

Article
Publication date: 23 January 2007

Michela Montesi and John Mackenzie Owen

The literature on abstracts recommends the revision of author supplied abstracts before their inclusion in database collections. However, little guidance is given on how to carry…

Abstract

Purpose

The literature on abstracts recommends the revision of author supplied abstracts before their inclusion in database collections. However, little guidance is given on how to carry out such revision, and few studies exist on this topic. The purpose of this research paper is to first survey 187 bibliographic databases to ascertain how many did revise abstracts, and then study the practical amendments made by one of these, i.e. LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts).

Design/methodology/approach

Database policies were established by e‐mail or through alternative sources, with 136 databases out of 187 exhaustively documented. Differences between 100 author‐supplied abstracts and the corresponding 100 LISA amended abstracts were classified into sentence‐level and beyond sentence‐level categories, and then as additions, deletions and rephrasing of text.

Findings

Revision of author abstracts was carried out by 66 databases, but in just 32 cases did it imply more than spelling, shortening of length and formula representation. In LISA, amendments were often non‐systematic and inconsistent, but still pointed to significant aspects which were discussed.

Originality/value

Amendments made by LISA editors are important in multi‐ and inter‐disciplinary research, since they tend to clarify certain aspects such as terminology, and suggest that abstracts should not always be considered as substitutes for the original document. From this point‐of‐view, the revision of abstracts can be considered as an important factor in enhancing a database's quality.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 59 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1986

In this section the different types of information source which constitute the management literature are allocated to categories according to their broad function. Within the four…

Abstract

In this section the different types of information source which constitute the management literature are allocated to categories according to their broad function. Within the four categories — tertiary, secondary and primary sources and research in progress, each type of information source will be looked at in terms of the information it supplies and the role it can play in literature searching.

Details

Management Decision, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

Geoff Easton, Judy Zolkiewski and Shona Bettany

The paper describes exploratory research into the nature of the International/Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) conference papers with particular focus on content. A…

1790

Abstract

The paper describes exploratory research into the nature of the International/Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) conference papers with particular focus on content. A qualitative analysis of the Proceedings of the 16th Annual IMP Conference is presented. The results provide insights into the diversity of academic thought that fuels the development of the IMP network and allows us to begin charting the development of knowledge structures within past IMP conferences. Of particular interest are, first, the tentative knowledge structure that emerges, second, the depth of analysis that emerges from using multidimensional coding, and third, the utility of the process of successive categorisation.

Details

Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol. 18 no. 6/7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0885-8624

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1966

ALAN GILCHRIST

Five leading abstracts services in the field of documentation were inspected. A measure of their coverage was obtained by matching the items of a bibliography against each…

Abstract

Five leading abstracts services in the field of documentation were inspected. A measure of their coverage was obtained by matching the items of a bibliography against each service. All abstracts published by these services in 1964 were counted and ranked to estimate the scope of each service, to identify key journals and to assess the language problem. Leading journals were also identified by counts of citations following articles in nine leading documentation journals, mostly over a five‐year period. These citations were ranked in the same way as the abstracts in order to further identify key journals and to provide another view of the language barrier.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 18 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Article
Publication date: 7 April 2021

Haotian Hu, Dongbo Wang and Sanhong Deng

The citation counts are an important indicator of scholarly impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation between citations of scientific articles and writing…

924

Abstract

Purpose

The citation counts are an important indicator of scholarly impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation between citations of scientific articles and writing styles of abstracts in papers and capture the characteristics of highly cited papers' abstracts.

Design/methodology/approach

This research selected 10,000 highly cited papers and 10,000 zero-cited papers from the WOS (2008-2017) database. The Coh-Metrix 3.0 textual cohesion analysis tool was used to quantify the 108 language features of highly cited and zero-cited paper abstracts. The differences of the indicators with significant differences were analyzed from four aspects: vocabulary, sentence, syntax and readability.

Findings

The abstracts of highly cited papers contain more complex and professional words, more adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions and personal pronouns, but fewer nouns and verbs. The sentences in the abstracts of highly cited papers are more complex and the sentence length is relatively longer. The syntactic structure in abstracts of highly cited papers is relatively more complex and syntactic similarities between sentences are fewer. Highly cited papers' abstracts are less readable than zero-cited papers' abstracts.

Originality/value

This study analyses the differences between the abstracts of highly cited and those of zero-cited papers, reveals the common external and deep semantic features of highly cited papers in abstract writing styles, provide suggestions for researchers on abstract writing. These findings can help increase the scientific impact of articles and improve the review efficiency as well as the researchers' abstract writing skills.

Details

Online Information Review, vol. 45 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1468-4527

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1956

The First International Congress on Documentation of Applied Chemistry‐was held at the Institut Français, London, S.W. 7 on 22–25 November 1955. It was organized by the Society of…

1799

Abstract

The First International Congress on Documentation of Applied Chemistry‐was held at the Institut Français, London, S.W. 7 on 22–25 November 1955. It was organized by the Society of Chemical Industry at the request of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Some 300 persons attended, of whom about 100 were from overseas; these numbers included chemists and documentalists.

Details

Journal of Documentation, vol. 12 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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