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This chapter critically examines dialogues between indigenous feminists and academic feminists about the role and significance of indigenous epistemologies in constructing social scientific knowledge, particularly feminist epistemologies. We argue that the term indigenous feminisms must be understood as broadly linking gender equality, decolonization, and sovereignty for indigenous peoples. In Latin America, this term typifies an activist and practical movement with cultural, economic, and politically specific dimensions. We posit that analytical and theoretical frameworks developed from indigenous women’s ways of knowledge production should be recognized and legitimated in feminist discourse because much is learned from their worldview about women’s emancipation, the importance of intersectionality in terms of race, ethnicity, and gender in indigenous contexts, in addition to political and cultural critiques. We show that indigenous feminist theoretical formulations are not homogenous but overlap in some areas of theoretical and practical formulations that involve new conceptualizations of the body, space, time, action/movement, and memory.

Corporate Social Responsibility.

This case is suitable to be used in advanced undergraduate and MBA/MSc level.

This case is about the conflict between Prof Bakar, the new Dean of Progressive Technical University (PTU), and the lecturers teaching the social innovation course. PTU was established in 1985 to provide opportunities for rural students to pursue technical education. Both parties had differing opinions over the suitability of projects in the social innovation curriculum. Dean Bakar was adamant that CSR is charity-based and therefore not suitable for the social innovation class. As the case unfolded, it was clear that each lecturer had different views about the course – indicating the wide-spectrum of views on the relationship between CSR and social innovation as well as social entrepreneurship. The case provides opportunities to deliberate on what constitutes “social purpose,” the 17 sustainable developmental goals, the global movement of social entrepreneurship and social innovation, impact investing and harvesting, as well as indigenous wisdom. The main trigger of the case is how to resolve the conflict and come up with an improved version of the course content, as well as a comparison framework for CSR, social innovation, and social entrepreneurship.

Using this case study, the students will be able to:

• compare CSR, social innovation, and social entrepreneurship;

• understand CSR activities and explain their main features based on the given case facts;

• analyze and solve the conflict between Dean Bakar and the six social innovation lecturers;

• propose solutions on how to review the social innovation course; and

• discuss how different perceptions could affect decision-making.

compare CSR, social innovation, and social entrepreneurship;

understand CSR activities and explain their main features based on the given case facts;

analyze and solve the conflict between Dean Bakar and the six social innovation lecturers;

propose solutions on how to review the social innovation course; and

discuss how different perceptions could affect decision-making.

This chapter presents a South American perspective on the environmental and financial sustainability of energy integration incorporating recent financial lessons from the United States and Europe. An illustrative project called UNASUR-GRID is presented to highlight new thinking on funding ecologically sensitive development (post-carbon electricity generation) and regional energy sovereignty via a new regional development bank for the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) called Bank of the South, Banco del Sur (BDS) ^1,2 . Sustainable BDS finance rules are presented that aim to break the link between development funding, environmental damage, and sovereign debt owed to banks outside the region, tapping into alternative finances to buffer the region against changes in global financial flows from core nations in the Great Recession.

The author attended presidential meetings of MERCOSUR and UNASUR supplementing this with presidential declarations comparing these with ongoing development planning from IIRSA, also interviewing a COSIPLAN representative. He also cooperated (as an independent researcher) with the Ecuadorian Central Bank research group called ‘New Architectures for Regional Finance’ (NAFR) and conducted technical interviews at South American energy institutes specialising in integration.

Development finance must reflect changes in both energy supply and demand while replacing fossil fuel inputs in electricity generation. Demand planning is necessary to attain sovereignty over a post-carbon electricity supply while maintaining dependability.

Successful energy cooperation is more than just energy infrastructure (UNASUR-GRID), cross-border confidence building is also required, reinforced by commercial treaties for energy exports and imports. Public and private national and regional energy companies need real incentives to trade internationally (improving competition) or renationalisation of supply and distribution may be necessary.

Highly original, this chapter incorporates government, UN and civil NGO inputs into primary research. BDS policy sources include government, ministerial and presidential speeches with interviews and participation in meetings with social movements. For indigenous ecological and social economic concepts such as Sumak Kawsay, the author has travelled extensively in South America and was an active participant at the first World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the 2010 Rights of Mother Earth (World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, 2014) in Cochabamba, Bolivia, along with ecologists and tribal representatives.

This paper aims to study the Colombia Buen Vivir and how indigenous social enterprise strategies inform and contribute for achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by reaching sustainability and the well-being in the community.

Using participatory video research (PVR), this work draws upon evidence from a multiple case study of five indigenous communities (Curripaco, Puinave, Yanacona, Misak and Wayuu). Ethical approval was obtained from the five indigenous social enterprises (ISEs) in Colombia.

What emerged from the findings is that the SDGs were addressed before the SDG Agenda in 2015. Moreover, the findings revealed that the cultural values of indigenous people had not been contemplated in the SDGs.

The cases respond to a particular context (Colombia); therefore, this invites us to be cautious when extrapolating the results to other regions.

This work addresses a research gap that points to the lack of studies that focus on ISEs and the SDGs in developing countries. Further, this work sheds light on the role ISEs play in the quest for communities to achieve sustainability and well-being.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to explore whether the SDGs embed sufficient ways of knowing and doing by the Latin American Buen Vivir of ISEs.