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This paper aims to study a new halogen-free fame-retardant curing agent 1-aminoethylidenediphosphonate (AAEDP).

The AAEDP was synthesized by phosphoric acid, acetonitrile and ammonia. The chemical structures of AAEDP were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) would study the thermal properties and the char residues of AAEDP/EP. The thermal stability, mechanical and flame properties and morphology for the char layer of composite materials were separately investigated using TGA, tensile and charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 HB flammability standard (UL-94) and SEM.

The results showed that the AAEDP had been prepared successfully. When the intumescent flame retardant was added into the EP, the LOI of composite material was improved.

The AAEDP can be prepared successfully and can improve the flame resistance of composite material.

The AAEDP has excellent flame-retardant properties and produce no toxic fumes when burnt in case of fire.

The results showed that the phosphorus content of AAEDP was 2.958 Wt.%; the impact and tensile strength of the composite material were 6.417 kJ m⁻² and 38.0 MPa, respectively; and the LOI and UL-94 were 29.7% and V-0 ranking, respectively. The TGA results indicated that the carbon residue ratio can be increased by 1000°C in air. The denser and more uniform structure of residual carbon prevents heat transfer and diffusion, restricts the production of combustible gas and reduces the rate of heat release.

In this study, an attempt has been made to collect the research that has been done on the construction and design of the H₂O₂ sensor. So far, many efforts have been made to quickly and sensitively determine H₂O₂ concentration based on different analytical principles. In this study, the importance of H₂O₂, its applications in various industries, especially the food industry, and the importance of measuring it with different techniques, especially portable sensors and on-site analysis, have been investigated and studied.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a very simple molecule in nature, but due to its strong oxidizing and reducing properties, it has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, medical, environmental, mining, textile, paper, food production and chemical industries. Sensitive, rapid and continuous detection of H₂O₂ is of great importance in many systems for product quality control, health care, medical diagnostics, food safety and environmental protection.

Various methods have been developed and applied for the analysis of H₂O₂, such as fluorescence, colorimetry and electrochemistry, among them, the electrochemical technique due to its advantages in simple instrumentation, easy miniaturization, sensitivity and selectivity.

Monitoring the H₂O₂ concentration level is of practical importance for academic and industrial purposes. Edible oils are prone to oxidation during processing and storage, which may adversely affect oil quality and human health. Determination of peroxide value (PV) of edible oils is essential because PV is one of the most common quality parameters for monitoring lipid oxidation and oil quality control. The development of cheap, simple, fast, sensitive and selective H₂O₂ sensors is essential.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of celebrity endorsers on consumer advocacy, customization and entertainment intentions based on the notion of the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework. In addition, this study aims to examine the mediating and moderating role of customization and entertainment intentions on the proposed relationships. The authors also intend to highlight the comparative effects between male and female young social media consumers on those proposed associations.

In the pursuit of comprehensive and rigorous data collection, this study adopted a quantitative methodology using a meticulously crafted questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was conducted in major cities of Malaysia using the convenience and snowball sampling techniques. A total of 576 responses were collected, even though 549 retorts were used for data analysis. In this investigation, the authors strategically used covariance-based structural equation modeling through the use of AMOS v. 24 as the primary data analysis tool. Augmenting the analytical depth, the authors also conducted a supplementary bootstrap analysis. The additional layers of examination were crucial for appraising the mediating and moderating effects inherent within the model, in which the PROCESS MACRO v.4.20 was used.

The results of this study revealed the significant direct positive effects of celebrity endorsers on consumer customization, entertainment and advocacy intentions. Consumer customization and entertainment intentions also found significant direct affirmative effects on consumer advocacy intention, along with the significant direct positive effects of consumer entertainment intention on consumer customization intention. The results further revealed that consumer customization and entertainment intentions cannot mediate the relationship between celebrity endorsers and advocacy intention. The entertainment intention also declined the mediating effects between celebrity endorsers and consumer customization intention. On the contrary, consumer customization intention significantly and positively, and entertainment intention also significantly but negatively, moderate the association between celebrity endorsers and consumer advocacy intention. This study also illustrates that the effects of those examined relationships differ between male and female young social media consumers.

This study investigates the impact of celebrity endorsers on consumer behavior, focusing on their customization, entertainment and advocacy intentions. It extends current SOR framework, enhances source credibility theory, fills gaps in the literature on social media brand engagement and underscores the significance of customization and entertainment intentions. The findings provide insights for managers aiming to harness consumer brand advocacy through celebrity endorsers effectively.

Although many universities have begun to provide artificial intelligence (AI)-related courses for students, the influence of the course on students' intention to participate in the development of AI-related products/services needs to be verified. In order to explore the factors that influence students' participation in AI services and system development, this study uses self-efficacy, AI literacy, and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate students' intention to engage in AI software development.

The questionnaire was distributed online to collect university students' responses in central Taiwan. The research model and eleven hypotheses are tested using 151 responses. The testing process adopted SmartPLS 3.3 and SPSS 26 software.

AI programming self-efficacy, AI literacy, and course satisfaction directly affected the intention to participate in AI software development. Moreover, course playfulness significantly affected course satisfaction and AI literacy. However, course usefulness positively affected course satisfaction but did not significantly affect AI literacy and AI programming self-efficacy.

The model improves our comprehension of the influence of AI literacy and AI programming self-efficacy on the intention. Moreover, the effects of AI course usefulness and playfulness on literacy and self-efficacy were verified. The findings and insights can help design the AI-related course and encourage university students to participate in AI software development. The study concludes with suggestions for course design for AI course instructors or related educators.

Drawing on justice theory, this study aims to investigate the determinants and consequences of post-recovery satisfaction in a business-to-business (B2B) sales environment. In addition, customer demandingness is used as a moderator in this study to assess the relationship between distributive justice (DJ), procedural justice (PJ) and interactional justice (IJ) and post-recovery satisfaction.

A conceptual framework was developed by testing five hypotheses based on data collected from 337 salesperson–customer dyads.

The findings of this study reveal that DJ, PJ and IJ are positively linked with post-recovery satisfaction. In addition, post-recovery satisfaction negatively impacts customer distrust. On the contrary, customer distrust positively influences value co-creation behavior and has a negative impact on trusting intention. Finally, the customer’s level of demandingness significantly and positively moderates the linkage between the dimensions of justice perception and post-recovery satisfaction.

Despite extensive literature on distrust, a research model that examines customers’ distrust attitudes toward service failure and B2B recovery satisfaction needs to be developed and validated. In this regard, the authors developed a framework to measure post-recovery satisfaction and its association with customers’ distrust in B2B a context.

Urbanization is driving the growth of China’s carbon footprint. It’s important to investigate what factors, how and to what extent, affect carbon footprints embedded in various categories of rural and urban households’ consumption.

We employ an environmental extended input-output model to assess and compare the rural-urban household carbon footprints and perform a multivariant regression analysis to identify the varying relationships of the determinants on rural and urban household carbon footprints based on the panel data of Chinese households from 2012 to 2018.

The results show evidence of urbanity density effect on direct carbon footprints and countervailing effect on indirect carbon footprints. The old dependency ratio has no significant effect on rural family emissions but has a significantly negative effect on urban direct and indirect carbon footprints. A higher child dependency ratio is associated with less rural household carbon emissions while the opposite is true for urban households. Taking advantage of recycled fuel saves direct carbon emissions and this green lifestyle benefits urban households more by saving more carbon emissions. There is a positive relationship between consumption structure ratio and direct carbon footprints while a negative relationship with indirect carbon footprints and this impact is less significant for urban households. The higher the price level of water, electricity and fuel, the lower the rural household’s direct carbon footprints. Private car ownership consistently augments household carbon footprints across rural and urban areas.

This paper provides comprehensive findings to understand the relationships between an array of determinants and China’s rural-urban carbon emissions, empowering China’s contribution to the global effort on climate mitigation.

The purpose of this study is to explore the comparative effects of mainstream celebrities and social media influencers on consumer advocacy and relationship intentions. The study also examines the direct and serial mediation effects on those relationships.

The survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 718 respondents throughout Malaysia, with convenience and snowball sampling techniques employed. The data were analyzed based on the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach through the AMOS version 24. The PROCESS MACRO v-4.20 was applied to evaluate mediating effects in the model.

The results reveal that celebrity endorsers' involvement in social media significantly influences the uses of social media, which also impacts the attitudes and, subsequently, consumer relationship and advocacy intentions. The study found that mainstream celebrities and social media influencers effectively promote brands, and it discovered insignificant differences in their effects on the analyzed relationships.

This study has been conducted on consumers in Malaysia; it may have different effects on consumers in other countries.

Brand managers and policymakers may benefit from following the study's guidelines for making consumer relationship and advocacy intentions by celebrity endorsers and uses of social media.

The brand community can benefit from tightening their social bondage by sharing and managing crucial information from celebrities and using social media.

The study explores the effects of mainstream celebrities on consumer relationship and advocacy intentions using social media networks and managing consumer attitudes.

The surge in pharmaceutical and health supplement usage among consumers aims to enhance personal well-being. This growing opportunity for pharmaceutical brands has resulted in increased market share and intensified industry competition. Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aims to identify the factors influencing Malaysians’ choices regarding pharmaceutical and health supplements. In addition, the variable of past behaviour was incorporated to account for consumer decisions based on prior experiences.

Using purposive sampling, 300 questionnaires were gathered and analysed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and structural equation modelling technique via Analysis of Moment Structures software to validate the reliability of each variables and the postulated relationships within the research framework.

Results revealed a pronounced impact of past behaviour on the intention to consume pharmaceutical and health supplements. The mediating role of perceived behavioural control in bridging past behaviour and consumption intention was also ascertained. Notably, the findings support the inclusion of past behaviour in the TPB as a pivotal determinant of intention.

The insights gleaned underscore the escalating trend of pharmaceutical consumption in Malaysia, providing strategies to enhance and maintain the competitive edge and market position of pharmaceutical brands.

Loading the work on social capital theory, we have tried to check the influence of social currency (SC) on social media usage (SMU) and its subsequent impact on the brand experience (BE). The study attempted to ascertain the mediation of loyalty (LT) between the SC and SMU as well as the moderation of perceived ease of use (PEU) in the SMU and BE relationship.

The data were collected from 384 respondents employing snowball sampling technique by administering a questionnaire on seven-point Likert scale. The respondents were the active internet users, who devote the significant part of their daily routine to social media activities. Structural equation modelling was used to study the path of the considered variables.

The result of the study strengthened the findings of earlier studies on SC dimensions. This study elaborated about the positive impact of SC on SMU, SC on LT, LT on SMU, SMU on BE. The study also found the mediating effect of LT in the SC and BE relationship. The study did not identify a moderating role of PEU in the SMU and BE relationship.

By taking into account SC, SMU, LT, PEU and BE, the study adds the knowledge to the social capital theory.

This study aids marketers in adjusting social media strategies for the effective use of SC aimed to deliver enhanced BE. Additionally, it demonstrates the value of customer LT in the context of SC and SMU by customers.

This study is among the few research on the SC of the Indian user and its impact on SMU and BE. Checking the mediation of LT and the moderation of PEU in the SC context makes this study novel and different from any study conducted earlier.

Preservice teacher (PST) professional development programs are crucial for cultivating high-quality STEAM teachers of the future, significantly impacting the quality of regional STEAM education. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as a region of cross-border cooperation, integrates the resources and advantages of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, possessing rich cultural heritage and innovative capabilities. Transdisciplinary Education for Cultural Inheritance (C-STEAM) is an effective approach to promoting educational collaboration within the Greater Bay Area, facilitating the integration of both technological and humanities education. This study aims to develop a Technology-Enabled University-School-Enterprise (T-USE) collaborative education model and implement it in the Greater Bay Area, to explore its role as a support mechanism in professional development and its impact on C-STEAM PSTs' professional capital.

Adopting a qualitative methodology, the study interviewed PSTs who participated in a C-STEAM teacher education course under the T-USE model. Thematic coding is used to analyze their knowledge acquisition, interaction benefits with community members, and autonomous thinking and decision-making in theoretical learning and teaching practice.

The findings show that the T-USE model significantly enhanced the PSTs' human capital, including teaching beliefs, knowledge, and skills. In terms of social capital, PSTs benefited from collaboration with PST groups, university teaching teams, in-service teachers, and enterprises, though challenges such as varying levels of expertise among in-service teachers and occasional technical instability emerged. For decisional capital, the T-USE model provided opportunities for autonomous thinking and promoted teaching judgment skills through real teaching challenges and scenarios. Reflective practice activities also supported PSTs' professional growth.

This study reveals the effectiveness and internal mechanism of the T-USE model in C-STEAM PST training, offering significant theoretical and practical references for future PST education.