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Expert briefing
Publication date: 28 December 2022

Far-reaching law-making powers have been delegated to governments throughout Europe, which have engaged in unprecedented levels of public spending; the urgency posed by the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 25 February 2022

The sanctions amount to a middle-of-the-road approach: leaders agreed to keep Russia in the SWIFT payment system and avoid targeting Russian energy exports. They will not cause…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 September 2015

Future EU relations with Iran.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 December 2016

Either event could cause confidence in Europe's banks to plunge. The financial and sovereign debt 'double crisis' has dealt the European banking system a double blow from which…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 8 July 2022

A year on from the historic July 2021 protests, worsening economic realities are perpetuating popular discontent. However, renewed large-scale unrest remains unlikely;…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 19 April 2021

The pre-pandemic state of many southern economies, embodied by high levels of debt and low growth potential, will make it more difficult for these countries to offset the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 September 2022

Eastern EU member-states, from the Baltics to the Black Sea, are united in applying existing sanctions against Russia, with only Hungary overtly weakening political unity on the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 June 2020

The contraction, after several years of robust growth, will stem from a deep recession and measures to contain the spread of COVID-19.

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