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Executive summary
Publication date: 5 July 2023

HUNGARY/RUSSIA: Plea for longer oil sanctions opt-out

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 February 2017

Although Russian influence abroad has become a global concern in light of the US election hacking scandal, Central-Eastern Europe (CEE), which Moscow has traditionally seen as a…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 August 2023

The four Visegrad (V4) countries -- Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland -- have built up gas stocks to prepare for the winter. Once the EU states most dependent on Russian gas…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 23 September 2022

Flows resumed within days, but the sudden cut-off -- ascribed to overdue transit payments -- highlights Central Europe’s dependence on Russian oil imports and the difficulty of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 September 2017

Moscow’s influence on eastern EU and its fringes.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 March 2023

The war delivered a shock to Europe’s post-Cold War order -- its security, peace and stability. Economically, it marks a turn in global trade relations, supply chains and energy…

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