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Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 July 2023

Relations between Azerbaijan and Iran have tended to oscillate between distrust and outright animosity. However, recent events and official statements signal that the two sides…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 January 2017

The Russia-Azerbaijan-Iran railway.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 June 2023

Iran perceives that it has become isolated in the South Caucasus, as a result of changing geopolitical relations over the past three years. Israel has increased its presence…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 December 2022

Sanctions have constrained east-west transit through Russia and revived its interest in north-south connections to Gulf ports and India. Moscow and Tehran, each keen to circumvent…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 23 December 2015

Turkish-Russian relations may suffer long-lasting damage from the downing of a Russian Su-24 military jet on the Turkish-Syrian border. Turkey has started looking to diversify…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 14 April 2023

A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2023

Shamkhani raised the issue of reactivating the ‘rupee-rial’ mechanism to boost bilateral trade, which has fallen sharply since 2018-19. The visit came at a time when Iran has…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 May 2023

The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 20 February 2020

Implications of US sanctions against Nord Stream 2.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 May 2016

Points of convergence in Russia's relationship with Iran.

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