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1 – 10 of 10While deepening ties with Western and Western-allied powers, Ulaanbaatar has managed to sustain positive relations with Beijing and Moscow and to cultivate good relations with…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB289250
ISSN: 2633-304X
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It reflects Turkey’s ambition to position itself as a rising global player, offering an alternative to Western and Chinese influences in Africa.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB289131
ISSN: 2633-304X
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It was touted by Ankara as another step towards the realisation of ambitious goals for its space programme set by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in February 2021. Yet, despite…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB288205
ISSN: 2633-304X
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With Russia focused on Ukraine, Kazakhstan has charted a path to reduce its military and security dependency on Moscow. This is apparent in Astana's changing attitudes towards…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB288598
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The visit followed Moscow’s decision to pull out its last remaining troops from Nagorno-Karabakh before the expiration of their peacekeeping mandate. This reflects the Kremlin’s…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB287337
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Parallel imports have played a crucial role in securing the supply of goods for the Russian economy. The creation and management of parallel import channels is now an important…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286497
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This follows President Donald Trump's surprise decision to withdraw troops from Syria, where Washington has been supporting the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB240804
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is mainly because of Erdogan's politicisation of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) after the July 2016 failed coup. His fear of the generals, a power struggle within the TSK…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB253484
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Global order and institutions have been undermined by the hostile assertiveness of the United States, China, Russia and Turkey; COVID-19 has strengthened the trend. This leaves…