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1 – 10 of 16Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The NOC-ENI agreement follows on from an earlier memorandum of understanding (MoU) which Turkey signed with the Tripoli-based Government of National Unity (GNU) in October. This…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB276287
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The group had travelled to Libya for work. Reconstruction in Libya has prompted the return of Egyptian migrant workers, and Cairo has been keen to facilitate this. Many of those…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB276472
ISSN: 2633-304X
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They have backed opposing sides in the Syrian and Libyan conflicts and pursued different objectives there and in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the hope that conflict trends would benefit…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB258615
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This was the culmination of months of backchannel talks between two of the Middle East’s bitterest rivals. It is intended to help reduce bilateral tensions and facilitate further…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB263706
ISSN: 2633-304X
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SYRIA: Idlib ceasefire shows relegation below Libya
LIBYA/TURKEY: Erdogan clears the way for troops
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES249668
ISSN: 2633-304X
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LIBYA: UN envoy resignation will cut peace prospects
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES251065
ISSN: 2633-304X
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LIBYA: Berlin follow-ups could ease a longer-term deal
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES250112
ISSN: 2633-304X
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From US contractors in Iraq and Russian mercenary groups in Syria, to Gulf states’ ‘foreign legions’ in Yemen and multiple Iranian proxy militias, national armies no longer…