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1 – 4 of 4Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkey has brokered an agreement between Russia and Ukraine for resuming grain shipments through the Black Sea which, if it sticks, will be a substantial diplomatic win for Ankara…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB271809
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is mainly because of Erdogan's politicisation of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) after the July 2016 failed coup. His fear of the generals, a power struggle within the TSK…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB253484
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The 2021 presidential programme forecast domestic content in defence projects reaching 71% and arms exports tripling to USD6.2bn. However, that was before Washington banned export…