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Future EU relations with Iran.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB203058
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Chinese companies maintained strong ties with Iran throughout various sanctions regimes, mainly in the energy sector. As Iran's economy gradually opens after years of sanctions…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB201185
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Iran’s increasingly skilled sanctions evasion (aided by less intense US enforcement) has made it the second-largest contributor to higher global oil output over the past year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286770
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The impact of the sanctions Russia imposed after Turkey shot down its warplane on November 24.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB210287
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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For Iran, this preparation involves implementing restrictions on its nuclear facilities, while for the EU and the United States this means adopting the necessary legislation to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB206021
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Failures of Iranian gas and electricity supplies have combined with attacks on pylons and a heatwave to cause severe power cuts in Iraq this summer. In the longer term, Tehran’s…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB263307
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Despite fears being raised recently of threats to US assets from pro-Iran armed groups, however, the latter have thus far refrained from using their lethal capabilities against US…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB244731
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Tehran’s more sophisticated sanctions avoidance tactics and greater willingness to test Washington’s enforcement have substantially boosted exports from 2019 lows. The slow…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB260273
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Iran has agreed to restrict its nuclear programme in return for the lifting of sanctions, including on its oil and financial sectors. However, prices recovered slightly after the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB198795
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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This is part of a wider energy crisis that is also evident in the long queues outside petrol stations and in the difficulty that bakeries face in securing fuel, on top of the…