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Unprecedented Western sanctions have pushed Russia to seek new bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). Moscow is moving fast to create a wide network of agreements with emerging…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283317
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280576
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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That represented a 1.9-percentage-point (pp) rise in import share and a 0.4-pp fall in export share. Turkey's economic and commercial ties with Europe (EU and non-EU) are strong…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280284
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Both have avoided the deep economic crisis that seemed likely in the spring. Income from remittances, on which both rely heavily, has recovered after a dip following the invasion.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273938
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia has lost almost all its customers in Europe, which bought 48% of its crude exports by volume last year. To compensate, it has been sending more crude to Asian markets in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274825
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Still developing since its January 2015 launch, the EEU is the most comprehensive integration initiative yet by post-Soviet states. Russia is by far the most powerful member…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB227797
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia has long had ambitions to invest the EEU with political as well as economic function, but Kazakhstan has resisted this strongly. The Kazakh authorities still see the EEU as…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB262077
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB209755
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Turkmen investment hopes.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB249915
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Topical
Interest in the 'Middle Corridor' was revived after Russia invaded Ukraine and expanding Western sanctions raised the commercial risk for carriers. Despite enthusiasm among…