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The network of new land routes to link East Asia and Europe was first raised by President Xi Jinping on a 2013 visit to Kazakhstan, through which the more critical central…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB198835
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Iran perceives that it has become isolated in the South Caucasus, as a result of changing geopolitical relations over the past three years. Israel has increased its presence…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279596
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Revived plans to transit Russian gas through Bulgaria into Europe and build a nuclear plant at Belene.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235827
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
The Russia-Azerbaijan-Iran railway.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB217550
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Russia's rail and road infrastructure.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB221234
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The two countries have turned to each other amid increasing isolation from international banking systems, export markets, and foreign resources and technologies. Deepening their…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278339
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Tbilisi has authorised flights by two smaller Russian airlines, exacerbating fears of the potential for sanctions evasion. That follows the easing of Russia’s visa regime for…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279752
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278298
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Europe urgently needs new supplies. Turkey has been proposed as a transit route for gas from Middle Eastern and Caspian sources, but…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB270125
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Relations between Azerbaijan and Iran have tended to oscillate between distrust and outright animosity. However, recent events and official statements signal that the two sides…