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The US government has named Kazakhstan and many other countries as routes by which sanctioned goods have reached Russia, but has refrained from hitting them with secondary…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274422
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB209755
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Economic problems in Turkmenistan.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB227733
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Sanctions have constrained east-west transit through Russia and revived its interest in north-south connections to Gulf ports and India. Moscow and Tehran, each keen to circumvent…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274352
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The decree targeted a rise in the value of agricultural production of at least 25% above the output of RUB7.6tn (USD86bn at current exchange rates) recorded in 2021. Putin also…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB287538
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Prospects for Russian domestic politics and foreign policy to end-2016.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB212080
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The Russia-Turkey trade war.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB207388
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Following 'Adoption Day' on October 18, the final stage in Iran's nuclear agreement with world powers is 'Implementation Day', when the International Atomic Energy Agency verifies…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB206274
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The prospects for structural reform.