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Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 February 2023

Russian immigration picked up following the invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent military mobilisation, taking advantage of the visa-free regime between Russia and Serbia…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 February 2024

This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 10 May 2021

As the new US administration seeks to re-engage with Iran, both Washington and Ankara have launched negotiations with Tehran's enemy Saudi Arabia. Iran and Turkey have major…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 August 2021

Jaishankar was visiting Iran for the second time in a month, having stopped over on his way to Russia on July 7. Delhi and Tehran have long had good relations, but ties have been…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2023

Shamkhani raised the issue of reactivating the ‘rupee-rial’ mechanism to boost bilateral trade, which has fallen sharply since 2018-19. The visit came at a time when Iran has…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 15 October 2020

Jakarta has repeatedly protested Chinese incursions into its EEZ. At the same time, China and Indonesia have burgeoning economic ties.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 29 September 2023

The changing regional dynamic as Azerbaijan has gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia, a traditional Iranian ally, creates a dilemma for Tehran. Iran fears that Turkey…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 July 2017

Turkey has long been the key player in Iraqi Kurdistan's oil and gas sector, facilitating oil exports and offering gas transit. However, the Kurdish referendum, coupled with…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 January 2020

With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 March 2021

The junta in Naypyidaw is under growing external pressure to restore the democratically elected civilian government. Several Western powers, including the United States, have…

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