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The amendments introduce the new legal concept of ‘foreign representative’. The bill was signed into law on April 2 and will apply to all NPOs that receive foreign funding and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286320
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The war in Ukraine has changed the dynamics of interaction between Russia and the Central Asian countries, which have been traditionally a source of migrant labour. Despite rising…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282581
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In the past 12 months, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have become dialogue partners of the SCO, while Iran has become a full member.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281934
ISSN: 2633-304X
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SCO membership will be Tehran’s first experience of a regional defence-security organisation since it withdrew from the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in 1979. Iran’s defence…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281081
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In his opening remarks, Prime Minister Narendra Modi made certain comments about cross-border terrorism and territorial integrity that were widely perceived as barbs directed at…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280864
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The firms aim to extract gold, lead, zinc, iron ore and copper across several Afghan provinces. Earlier this year, Afghanistan agreed a major contract relating to oil extraction…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282083
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkmen leaders rarely visit foreign countries. The visit to Beijing aimed at securing Chinese commitment to completing a new natural gas pipeline through Tajikistan and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB277932
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Both have avoided the deep economic crisis that seemed likely in the spring. Income from remittances, on which both rely heavily, has recovered after a dip following the invasion.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273938
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Sanctions have changed trade and investment patterns in EEU members, creating opportunities as well as secondary sanctions risks. Kazakhstan in particular has not signed up to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB275527
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Fear of being called up has driven men to leave Russia by multiple routes. Kazakhstan and Georgia are popular destinations, reached overland. States that traditionally provided…