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IS’s losses of territory, resources and key leaders have dented the group’s ambitions and operating budget. However, while those setbacks have affected morale on the ground, they…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB225011
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In Damascus, HTS collaborated with more moderate groups from the Free Syrian Army (FSA). Elsewhere, however, the rebels are deeply divided. HTS, the latest avatar of the former…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB219713
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Previous efforts to achieve detente have faltered because of the sheer complexity of the issues at stake: 3.6 million Syrian refugees in Turkey, Ankara's military presence in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB288666
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, in 2021 they will all face two common challenges: recovering from major economic shocks in 2020 and reorienting to US policy shifts under a Biden presidency. From…