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In Britain in 1945, the politics of peace steered reconstruction towards a static socio‐economic base from which stemmed many later planning and social problems. Britain had emerged from six years of war economically weakened but with a clear social vision, an effective administration and fully evolved plans for the transition from war to peace. The social vision including the ideal of full employment and the right to a local job and a local home. This placed the economy in a spatial stranglehold and denied it the flexibility needed to adapt to changing global conditions. Draws on the British experience to suggest that the understandable desire to replace in situ what has been destroyed is doomed to fail and can prejudice the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Aleppo city in Syria has witnessed severe bombardment since the 2011 war affecting its landscape heritage, causing explicit geomorphological changes with anthropogenic qualities. The research aims to log observations on the patterns of bombardment craters. It investigates their key role in guiding post-war recovery plans. Currently, the interpretation of war scars is not considered in the reconstruction plans proposed by local administrations and here lies the importance of the research.

The study investigates the geomorphological transformations along the southern citadel perimeter in old Aleppo. Currently, digital tools facilitated data prediction in conflict areas. The research employs an empirical method for inhabiting war craters based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The former utilizes satellite images to define the geographical changes of landscape heritage. The latter applies geostatistical data analysis, validation, interpolation and simulation for multi-temporal Google Earth maps. The study exploits Surfer 13 software to localize and measure the preserved craters.

The research employs the generated models in a landscape design proposal examining the method's applicability. Finally, it offers a methodological toolkit guiding post-war landscape recovery toward the interpretation of conflict geography.

The paper enables a practical understanding of the contemporaneity of landscape heritage recovery as an action between sustainable development and conservation.

The paper integrates the conflict geographies to the people's commemoration of places and events.

The article offers an insight into the rehabilitation of war landscapes focusing on land craters, exploiting geostatistical data prediction methods.

The purpose of this paper is to consider the national and international political-economic environment in which Australian university research grew. It considers the implications of the growing significance of knowledge to the government and capital, looking past institutional developments to also historicise the systems that fed and were fed by the universities.

The paper is based on the extensive archival research in the National Archives of Australia and the Australian War Memorial on the formation and funding of a wide range of research programmes in the immediate post-war period after the Second World War. These include the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, the NHMRC, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the Australian Pacific Territories Research Council, the Commonwealth Office of Education, the Universities Commission and the Murray review. This research was conducted under the Margaret George Award for emerging scholars for a project entitled “Knowledge, Nation and Democracy in Post-War Australia”.

After the Second World War, the Australian Government invested heavily in research: funding that continued to expand in subsequent decades. In the USA, similar government expenditure affected the trajectory of capitalist democracy for the remainder of the twentieth century, leading to a “military-industrial complex”. The outcome in Australia looked quite different, though still connected to the structure and character of Australian political economics.

The discussion of the spectacular growth of universities after the Second World War ordinarily rests on the growth in enrolments. This paper draws on a very large literature review as well as primary research to offer new insights into the connections between research and post-war political and economic development, which also explain university growth.

The following report has been received from the Gauge and Tool Makers' Association:

THERE are those who argue that all efforts should, for the present, be exclusively devoted to the prosecution of the war, and that no one has a right in these days to be looking into the future. It is, admittedly, difficult to draw the line, but we donot by any means fully endorse this view. After all, the war is being fought to put an end to certain distasteful activities and it is surely wise, within limits, to be considering what is going to be put in their place when this tyranny is overpast. We have excellent authority for taking this view.

The former colleague at University College of Raymond Irwin (1902–1976) and his obituarist here presents a fuller portrait of this unusual man.

When considering the extent to which resourse sharing occurs in the United States, several factors have to be taken into account including the many networking patterns, interlibrary loans, intralibrary loans and reciprocal borrowing. Data about the magnitude of resource sharing is not easily located. Acceptance of bibliographical access to books as a substitute for physical access is an assumption made by librarians, but rejected by users. Creating many large book collections seems to be the best approach to providing actual rather than potential service. US librarians seem prepared to purchase elaborate systems for potential rather than results, unlike British librarians who, because of the service provided by the British Library Document Supply Centre, incur expense only if there is actual usage.

Wars destroy the tourism cities by causing damages to their cultural and natural attractions. However, the post-war cities have great upward potentials to develop through careful and integrated tourism planning. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify the perspectives of local stakeholders on tourism development in a post-war city.

The study used qualitative methods in collecting and analysing the data while closely referring to pertinent literature. Interviews, observations and focus-group discussions have been the main data collection tools and content analysis was performed with NVivo (v.12) to analyse the data.

Analysis of interviews, focus group discussion findings and observations highlighted the availability of a plethora of tourism potentials within post-war Jaffna that include, both cultural and natural attractions: Hindu Kovils and Buddhist temples, colonial heritage, traditional cuisines and way of life, beaches, flora and fauna and sceneries. The study further identified a lack of professionals, absence of a master plan, remoteness, poor infrastructure and absence of tourist activities as main obstacles for tourism development in Jaffna. Finally, implications are forwarded based on stakeholders’ perspectives to promote post-war city tourism in Jaffna.

Wars are not common, and post-war tourism cities are rare. The present study is focused on a destination where the war has ended, causing much damages to the destination. The study evaluates the tourism potentials and challenges based on stakeholders’ perspectives and forwards implications for city tourism development despite post-war empirical glitches, which have rarely been addressed in the tourism literature.

FOR some years the writer of this article has carefully studied the scanty and conflicting information available on the aircraft of the U.S.S.R. and the organization of both military and civil aeronautics. It has been our policy to publish, whenever possible, articles giving accurate—if of necessity limited—details of Russian developments. In this respect we would point out to readers that the contents of this present article may appear somewhat conservative, because only undoubted facts have been presented and, as such, it offers a commentary upon the mixture of fanciful propaganda and restricted information available—a fact which we have had to mention on each previous occasion that we have published a similar article.— EDITOR

Nobody concerned with political economy can neglect the history of economic doctrines. Structural changes in the economy and society influence economic thinking and, conversely, innovative thought structures and attitudes have almost always forced economic institutions and modes of behaviour to adjust. We learn from the history of economic doctrines how a particular theory emerged and whether, and in which environment, it could take root. We can see how a school evolves out of a common methodological perception and similar techniques of analysis, and how it has to establish itself. The interaction between unresolved problems on the one hand, and the search for better solutions or explanations on the other, leads to a change in paradigma and to the formation of new lines of reasoning. As long as the real world is subject to progress and change scientific search for explanation must out of necessity continue.