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Marketing Management, Consumer Behavior.

This case is suitable to be used in advanced undergraduate and MBA/MSc level.

This case highlights the initiative taken by Malaysian government in order to launch and implement “No Plastic Bag” campaign. The objective of this campaign is to discourage consumers from using plastic bags since plastic is not biodegradable and thus a big threat to the environment. As a result of this campaign, all supermarkets, hypermarkets, or department stores stopped providing plastic bags to the customers while shopping which was a usual practice before to carry the purchased stuffs. Consumers left with two options: either carrying their own bag during purchase or purchasing the plastic bag from the cashier for 20 sen. Azmir, the managing director of ForU hypermarket, was receiving several complaints from his customers since they need to pay for the plastic bag which made him ponder about how to make customers accept the “No Plastic Bag” policy wholeheartedly.

This case illustrates:

• The challenges faced by the Malaysian government in implementing “No Plastic Bag” campaign.

• The need for considering heavy promotional effort in creating awareness among citizens about green issues.

• The necessity to understand different mentality and behavioral pattern of consumers in embracing green consumption behavior.

The challenges faced by the Malaysian government in implementing “No Plastic Bag” campaign.

The need for considering heavy promotional effort in creating awareness among citizens about green issues.

The necessity to understand different mentality and behavioral pattern of consumers in embracing green consumption behavior.

Brief introduction on the importance and the need for plastic analysis methods were presented in the beginning section of this review. The plastic method for analysis was considered to be the more advanced method of analysis because of its ability to represent the true behaviour of the steel structures. Then in the following section, a literature analysis has been carried out on the previous investigations done on steel plates, steel beams and steel frames by other authors. The behaviour of them under different types of loading were presented and are under the investigation of innovative new analysis methods.

Structure member connections also have the potential for plastic failure. In this study, the authors have highlighted a few topics to be discussed. The three topics in this study are T-end plate connections to a square hollow section, semi-rigid connections and cold-formed steel storage racks with spine bracings using speed-lock connections. Connection is one of the important parts of a structure that ensures the integrity of the structure. Finally, in this technical paper, the authors introduce some topics related to seismic action. Application of the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control in seismic design is studied in the beginning. At the end, its in-depth application for moment resisting frames-eccentrically braced frames dual systems is investigated.

When this study involves the design of a plastic structure, the design criteria must involve the ultimate load rather than the yield stress. As the steel behaves in the plastic range, it means the capacity of the steel has reached the ultimate load. Ultimate load design and load factor design are the methods in the range of plastic analysis. After the steel capacity has reached beyond the yield stress, it fulfills the requirement in this method. The plastic analysis method offers a consistent and logical approach to structural analysis. It provides an economical solution in terms of steel weight, as the sections designed using this method are smaller compared with elastic design methods.

The plastic method is the primary approach used in the analysis and design of statically indeterminate frame structures.

The full time response of a space frame under impact loading perpendicular to the frame plane is discussed. Theoretical solutions and experimental results are presented and compared. A space frame clamped at its two ends is loaded by a 0.22 lead bullet that hits a mass in the middle of the transversal beam of the frame. The loading time is about 40 to 60 ?sec and the impact impulses in experiment from 0.5 to 1 Ns. The time response of this frame can be divided into four phases where different physical effects are dominant: (a) the ‘loading’ phase where elastic wave motion dominates the time response. Because of the high impact impulses, plastic deformation occurs in the vicinity of the mass and must be included in a theoretical model. The influence of reflections at the corners on the time response is shown; (b) the ‘evolution’ phase. Within this phase, a plastic collapse mechanism develops. Most of this phase is dominated by elastic deformation but local plastic deformations beside the mass are also present. Because many reflections at the corners and the clampings occur within this phase, a modal analysis method is used to predict time histories; (c) the ‘plastic’ phase with plastic zones at the clampings. This phase sets in after the bending wave reaches the clampings. It is characterized by plastic deformation near the clampings and elastic deformation of the other parts of the frame. We used a modal analysis including plastic ‘modes’ to get accurate results; (d) the ‘elastic vibration’ phase.

Plastic waste is one of the long-standing global issues in the recent era. Unfortunately, India is one of the countries which has been affected by the mismanagement of the use of plastics. India has recorded a substantial growth in the production of plastic and is considered a country of increased consumption of plastic. Due to the absence of an appropriate waste collection and segregation process, it has created the major issue of waste management and discarded used plastic items used for packaging application. There are various plastic waste management laws and programmes that have a cascading effect on almost every sector of business. In 2016, two years after the new union government took power in New Delhi, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has made some improvements in rules for the collection, segregation, processing, treatment and disposal of the waste. In the pandemic era, effective plastic waste management became more important than ever. The COVID-19 pandemic has created an increased demand for single-use plastic because of pressure on the already out-of-control global plastic waste problem. It is recorded to be large, and the magnitude of this pandemic related to mismanaged plastic waste is unknown. However, understanding the changing landscape and alarming need for effective plastic waste management, the government of India has proposed certain changes to prohibit imports, handling, manufacturing and use of single-use plastics in the country. This is in line with the government's intent to phase out single-use plastic by 2022. Considering this, this chapter highlights the changes in the rules and regulations in India related to plastic waste management and its effects on various sectors of business.

This chapter explores how the irruption of plastic materials in contemporary society, in the same way that it facilitated a wide range of human activities, eventually degenerated into a global danger through the contamination of rivers and seas, damaging the human food chain. In doing so, the historical background of this situation has been outlined. Moreover, the countries and areas at present that have polluting plastic substances and those that can be most easily recycled is highlighted. It should be noted that it is precisely in the area of recyclability where most hopes have been placed to counteract plastic contamination aimed at avoiding single-use plastic products. Subsequently, the different positions adopted by the members of society on this problem have been described and, by way of example, the state of the situation in a specific country, Spain, has been summarised.

Single-use plastic bags given to shoppers by retailers have increasingly become a key target for sustainability initiatives, with bans being introduced around the world. The rationale for such bans is based on the environmental impact of single-use bags, compared to their multi-use alternatives. The arguments for bans are underpinned by assumptions about how consumers will respond to the changes, yet do not account for the known patterns of buyer and consumer behaviour from the social sciences. This lessens the delivery of desired outcomes and hampers implementation strategies. This chapter draws upon this established knowledge to demonstrate how such marketing knowledge of fundamental buyer and consumer behaviour is critical when developing and implementing a public policy programme, using the example of a retail ban on the use of single-use plastic bags in Australia. It illustrates how these known patterns hold in this context and shows how social marketing can be used to help shape programme implementation and uptake and the reinforcement of new positive behaviours.

The adverse effect of plastic pollution on the tourism industry is one of the emerging research areas in the field of sustainable tourism over the past years. However, there is a lack of discussion on this issue in the academic platforms. Considering this, in this chapter, a scientometric analysis of 110 academic publications from the Web of Science (WoS) between 1999 and 2021 related to plastic pollution and tourism is presented. A bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace was utilised to analyse the data to present the keyword timezone, collaboration network and co-citation network. The analysis shows that the publications in this field have increased rapidly, and it has become an emerging and interdisciplinary research topic. Scholars from Australia, Spain, Brazil and China have published most on the topic. The Chinese Academy of Science with four articles is the largest contributor in this field among other institutions. Moreover, citizen science is found to be a new keyword coming up in recent years, and human health is one of the major concerns. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for the academicians and policy makers in understanding the issue.

This chapter highlights the overwhelming situation of plastic pollution in the Nigerian tourism sector. While plastic waste pollution is detrimental to the ecological system, it also has a direct negative effect on Nigeria's economic sectors including tourism. Approximately, 8% of the world's carbon emissions are caused by tourism-related activities. Tourism activities have contributed enormously to the improper disposal of trash, raw sewage and toxic chemicals into Nigeria's environment. However, there is a lack of comprehensive initiative or policy to curb the gigantic waste pollution in Nigeria, specifically in the Nigerian tourism sector. This has caused more confusion among the consumers and the tourism practitioners. Therefore, this chapter outlines the current situation, the implication for the businesses and the responsibility of the stakeholders.

Plastic has been a very useful material which is very cheap, easy to carry and is resilient to biodegradation. That is why plastic has been used, sometimes reused, and overused due to the reasons mentioned above. As a result, landfills and oceans are full of plastic. But if we consider all the negative health effects, environmental / ecological effects it has in present times, we can understand that it is environmentally very expensive to use plastic. Bangladesh is a relatively young country with dense population and limited resource. Proper management of plastic remains an issue with the country. Considering these, this chapter focuses on how plastic is used, how it is treated as waste and what can be possible solutions in reducing the amount of plastic in Bangladesh.

Plastic seems to be getting a universally bad press at the moment with the current opinion being that plastic is incompatible with sustainability. In this chapter the nature of plastic or sustainability and of social responsibility are examined and redefined. The conclusion is that it is not plastic which is irresponsible but rather people and business which need to change. In doing so a number of seemingly diverse topics are considered and examined to show their relevance to this argument.