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Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) is a kind of high quality composite pipe, whose mechanical behavior is not uniform because of its complicated structure and work condition. The mechanical model is established in PCCP working stage, based on the elastic plane strain theory of axisymmetric multilayer cylinders and the mechanism of the ring-like strands action. Then the design method of prestress is put forward according to the crack control. The stress is analyzed with finite-element analysis in the condition of different hydraulic pressures, and also the method is amended compared with the finite-element analysis. It is indicated that the design method of prestress is reasonable compared with both domestic and international specifications.

Ant colony algorithm is widely used in recent years as a heuristic algorithm. It provides a new way to solve complicated combinatorial optimization problems. Having been enlightened by the behavior of ant colony's searching for food, positive feedback construction and distributed computing combined with certain heuristics are adopted in the algorithm, which makes it easier to find better solution. This paper introduces a series of ant colony algorithm and its improved algorithm of the basic principle, and discusses the ant colony algorithm application situation. Finally, several problems existing in the research and the development prospect of ACO are reviewed.

Much work has been done on the optimization of the discrete variable structure design. In order to handle the optimization problem effectively, the related theories, methods, and other beneficial results were summarized. On the basis of analyzing the predecessors' research, the development direction was introduced. Then, some practical methods, including their improvements, for discrete structural optimization were analyzed. Finally, the Ant Colony Optimization algorithms were shown as promising methods. This work has significance in theory and practice for the development of structural optimization.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the optimization process in depth, elaborating on the components of the entire process and the techniques used. Researchers have been drawn to the expanding trend of optimization since the turn of the century. The rate of research can be used to measure the progress and increase of this optimization procedure. This study is phenomenal to understand the optimization process and different algorithms in addition to their application by keeping in mind the current computational power that has increased the implementation for several engineering applications.

Two-dimensional analysis has been carried out for the optimization process and its approaches to addressing optimization problems, i.e. computational power has increased the implementation. The first section focuses on a thorough examination of the optimization process, its objectives and the development of processes. Second, techniques of the optimization process have been evaluated, as well as some new ones that have emerged to overcome the above-mentioned problems.

This paper provided detailed knowledge of optimization, several approaches and their applications in civil engineering, i.e. structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, transportation and many more. This research provided tremendous emerging techniques, where the lack of exploratory studies is to be approached soon.

Optimization processes have been studied for a very long time, in engineering, but the current computational power has increased the implementation for several engineering applications. Besides that, different techniques and their prediction modes often require high computational strength, such parameters can be mitigated with the use of different techniques to reduce computational cost and increase accuracy.