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Discusses the concept of waste management as opposed to waste disposal – as the way in which organizations deal with their waste – through the introduction of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 Part II which replaced the Control of Pollution Act (COPA) 1974. Examines the problems of the COPA and defines the benefits of the EPA which gives the new waste regulation authorities (WRAs) extensive powers such as the granting/revoking of licences to operators, the aim being the control of the waste management process. Also examines other features of the Act such as public registers and environmental auditing, and takes a look at the future prospects of waste management.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of rapid population growth due to uncontrolled and unplanned urbanization as it affects environmental degradation through solid waste generation in Port Harcourt Metropolis, which has brought about the problem of solid waste management to city authorities and state government

The study involved the administration of questionnaires to 76 different households with a total population of 393 persons giving an average size of 7 persons per household. Also, formal interviews with officials of relevant government departments as wells as private stakeholders in urban solid waste management were conducted. The questionnaires were designed to elicit information on the characteristics of the respondents and waste generation capacity as well as disposal methods. The data abstracted from the questionnaires were analysed using the multiple linear regression to test for the significant differences. The study period was between January 1999 to December 1999

A total of 207.3 tonnes of solid waste was generated giving per capita annual waste generation rate of 0.53 tonnes equivalent to a waste generator rate of 1.45 kg of waste per capita daily. Analysis of solid waste composition was by land use types. The study showed that cartoons accounted for 16.1 percent, while papers and food remnants had 14.4 percent and 26.6 percent of total waste generated respectively.

Assist city dwellers tackle the problem posed by urban waste through provision of adequate infrastructure and social services.

The paper suggests continuous enlightenment programmes as well as employment of good technical services in the management of solid waste rather than the use of political will to tackle the problems. This work is original, as no such analysis has been carried out in Port Harcourt metropolis. The paper has provided data and knowledge upon which further research can be carried out.

Waste disposal is big business. Some 20 million tonnes of household and commercial waste is disposed of each year in the United Kingdom. A similar quantity of industrial waste — some of it hazardous — requires treatment and disposal. Household, commercial and industrial wastes as defined in the Control of Pollution Act 1974 are known as controlled wastes. In addition there are vast quantities of mining and quarry wastes. Approximately 90 per cent of all these materials is landfilled in its crude state. Much of the remainder is landfilled after treatment. Clearly, then, the proper selection, preparation, operation and aftercare of landfill sites is of paramount importance. Landfill is popular because it is significantly less costly than other methods of disposal — indeed it is the only option for a wide range of wastes. It must not, however, be regarded or perceived as a cheap and nasty option. Many professional disciplines and skills are involved in the sequence from site selection through to aftercare. Among these are geology, hydrogeology, property purchase, civil, mechanical and gas engineering, chemistry and agriculture. If landfill is to retain and deserve its pre‐eminent position, every step must be taken to the highest professional standards.

No one in an organisation knows better than the facilities manager just how hot the competition for space can be—and materials handling is one area in which it is only too easy for the unproductive to push out the productive. The expense of office space—with City of London rentals now exceeding £30/ft2, £12/ft2 common even in the suburbs, and the rate contribution now averaging 55 per cent of rental countrywide—means that facilities managers must continually be on their guard against unstructured uses. Materials delivery, storage, circulation and expulsion as waste are all essential but unproductive elements in the life cycle of the building, and particularly prone to encroach on office space if not formally planned.

The purpose of this paper is to review the current refuse collection systems available in major conurbations such as Hong Kong and to explore better solutions to alleviate the negative impacts of local domestic waste treatment.

This paper first reviews and evaluates current refuse collection methods in Hong Kong. Second, the social acceptability and financial viability of these alternative systems are investigated by means of a questionnaire survey. After analyzing the data, guiding solutions for local domestic waste treatment are developed.

The literature has shown the characteristics, the strength and the weakness of refuse collection systems commonly found in major conurbations. The questionnaire survey indicated that Hong Kong citizens supported or preferred an automated refuse collection system that could treat the refuse in a more hygienic way. Though the occupants were willing to make some financial contributions, they were unwilling to pay the amount money required to support the operation of the system.

The study has not yet confirmed statistically the relationship between residents' health and refuse collection methods. Therefore, further researches should be carried out in future with more extensive data collection to pinpoint health hazard induced by refuse collection process.

This paper provides information about major refuse collection systems available in the territory, shows the perceptions and different preferences of the residents on those systems taking account of the costs they could bear. It proves the value reference for good building management.

It is unlikely that, as yet, a paper on this subject is of wide general interest. However, it would seem that the assessment of landfill sites will become a more common valuation exercise, particularly for those involved with the mineral extraction industry. Responsible landfill waste disposal was primarily in the control of local authorities, but there has been an emergence of privately operated waste disposal companies over recent years and an awareness of the commercial potential of such operations has developed. Therefore, a need to appreciate values in the context of all aspects of practice, whether for sale, purchase, asset valuation or tax computation, is becoming more relevant to the general practitioner.

TONY MORGAN is not anyone's idea of the average industrialist. Deliberately trendy in appearance and of vocabulary, he is probably the only public company chairman to have spent two days at the Isle of Wight Pop Festival, enjoying nearly every moment of it. He can also frequently be found at race meetings in the pits chatting to his good friend Jackie Stewart. But Morgan's approach to all that he does is basically serious—and he is never more serious than when looking after his company's affairs.

The aim of this research is to develop a model for environmental management from which quantifiable indication of overall environmental performance for an organisation may be derived.

The links between environmental performance and financial performance are considered. Several research methods are described which consider pollution performance. However, it is clear that no single method wholly reflects quantitative pollution management (QPM). The initial model for QPM is derived, and the weightings that should be allocated for the individual and combined categories in achieving the indicator of pollution performance are established.

The paper establishes a methodology for the derivation of a QPM indicator that provides a numeric variable, by using numerical values that have been obtained from a set of linguistic values evaluated against determinations of prescribed events. The robust nature of the developed QPM indicator is provided by means of a prescribed methodology where the outcome indicator is constructed from the results of the audit and the inter‐relationship of the individual components. This inter‐relationship of numeric and linguistic variables encourages the use of modified set theory in which an individual could have a degree of membership ranged over a continuum of values.

The development of a quantifiable pollution indicator enables customers/consumers to make a purchase decision that takes into account environmental concerns. These unique QPM indicators will assist in promoting a sustainable management strategy with preventative approaches to pollution. Under these circumstances, a QPM indicator would allow industrial and regulatory strategies to be implemented beyond the traditional boundaries of pollution control and waste management. It would give a broader perspective on performance, and encourage application of preventive technologies to reduce pollutant and waste loads, while also promoting environment‐friendly products and services through openly available quantitative indicators. The derived indicator will be limited to the state of a particular process at a given point in time, and as such will need recalculation over given time intervals. This methodology enables the organisation to demonstrate improvement, if applicable. Monitoring tools should in any case be an aid to strategy formulation, not a determinant of it.

This study will assist in allowing environmental performance to become a strategic factor in business planning. Direct comparisons may be made between the operational characteristics of organisations, and how those organisations impact on the environment via pollution, providing direct business benefits to organisations that manage their business and protect the environment.

Summarises the legal implications of the 1990 UK Environmental Protection Act, including integrated pollution control and air pollution control, waste on land, statutory nuisance and clean air, amendments to the radioactive substances act, genetically modified organisms, nature conservation in great Britain and countryside matters in Wales, and finally some miscellaneous and general provisions.

From a management viewpoint, identifies the quantitative information relative to environmental activities the management should have. Describes the types of auditing that should be conducted to protect the organization. Cost and liabilities must be established on an objective and realistic basis. Auditing by external and internal auditors must be the safety valve – the control that helps to ensure that there will be a minimum exposure to serious problems and then, when the problems occur, that the requirements of the government agencies are met.