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While the success of the toll road projects procured through public private partnerships (PPPs) routes are widely confined to the cost, time and quality performance in the delivery context, considerable evidence suggests that such success criteria are not sufficient when the toll road projects are assessed in relation to meeting the long-run community expectations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the key factors associated with the success of the toll road projects from a societal perspective in Indonesia.

Based on the input from 12 experts and a rigorous literature review, a questionnaire survey was designed and a total of 206 respondents from three broad stakeholders’ groups, namely, government, private and end-users’ communities were surveyed to measure the performance of eight toll road projects. The data were primarily analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and reliability test using SPSS Software.

Four significant factors associated with the project social benefit were established as a measure of the overall success criteria in toll road projects. It is expected these can be used as guidance to deliver project social benefit to the community in the overall project lifecycle.

This research contributes to the incorporation of social project benefit attributes to the the toll road projects’ success criteria in overall project lifecycle.

This study can be used as guidance for the overall stakeholders, such as the government and the project manager to address the current social problems and better navigate the project direction in order to achieve the overall toll road project success in the overall project lifecycles.

The research highlights how the Indonesian government’s program of developing toll road projects using the PPP procurement routes can be supported for complete social inclusivity by considering the social dimension to achieve long-term success.

Identification of the key project social factors based on the data set with a wide representation of the stakeholders has made the research original and unique.

The existing Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh in Scotland at present carries 24 million vehicles annually, which is twice its design capacity. The need for a second Forth Road Bridge is discussed in this paper. There is currently a proposal for design and construction of the second Forth Road Bridge crossing. Some organisations are in favour of the project and yet others are against it. If the project were sanctioned, it would be private sector funded under the government’s PFI/PPP programme. This paper provides an economic evaluation of the proposed second Forth Road Bridge crossing. Firstly, a review of studies carried out on the traffic characteristics across the Forth is provided. Secondly, a critical analysis of the economic tools and techniques available for cost‐benefit analysis is given. The concept of cost of capital for government projects is also discussed and distinguished from cost of borrowing. The paper then provides present values of expected revenues from toll charges supported by extensive sensitivity studies for various assumptions regarding changes in toll levels, concession periods, future traffic growth levels and cost of capital. The main conclusions of the study are that the scheme is economically viable subject to the following limitations. If only Northbound traffic is tolled, this would require quadrupling of the current toll levels for the expected revenues to be adequate to fund design, construction and maintenance costs of a second standard bridge crossing and approach roads over a 30‐year concession period. If both Northbound and Southbound traffic were tolled, the present toll levels would need to be doubled on award of the concession contract and increased annually by the Retail Price Index (RPI) for the scheme to be economically viable. If the new crossing is to include the possibility of a heavy rail link under the dual carriage way, the expected present values of toll revenues provided they are increased as suggested above would be adequate only to fund design and construction costs of the new crossing and maintenance of both bridges. The project as whole would only be economically viable if the public sector funded the design, construction and maintenance costs of the required tunnels and approach roads.

Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) are being frequently used today to private sector investment in road projects. Most of the road PPP projects are either for new roads or for those that involve significant expansion of existing capacity. There are limited instances of PPPs for renovating and maintenance of existing roads. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the applicability of using PPPs for road renovation and maintenance projects.

This paper uses a case‐study approach since it is an appropriate strategy to investigate a phenomenon within its real life context. The East Coast Road project was chosen for the study because it was the first project in India to use PPP for road renovation and maintenance, and being the first project of its kind, the case was of general public interest.

The paper indicates that risk levels in Rehabilitate, Improve, Maintain, Operate and Transfer (RIMOT) projects are lower than Greenfield BOT projects. Even in areas like renovation and maintenance, PPP structures can bring many advantages over traditional procurement.

This paper has the limitations attributable to single case studies. There is a need to extend this paper to include more such case studies to evaluate their relevance for infrastructure development, particularly in emerging countries.

PPP structures can be useful for renovating and maintaining the existing roads. Modalities such as the RIMOT framework can have greater potential than the conventional BOT structures. Private investments in infrastructure can also be through a corporate finance structure.

This paper describes and analyzes the experience of India's first PPP for renovation and maintenance. The findings of this paper would have value for policy makers who are interested in attracting private sector finance and expertise in infrastructure and more specifically in roads.