Search results

In this work, a mortar method is implemented for tying arbitrary dissimilar 3D meshes, i.e. 3D meshes with curved, non‐matching interfaces. The 3D method requires approximations to the surface integrals specified by the projection of the displacement jump across the interface onto the Lagrange multiplier space. The numerical integration scheme is presented and several Lagrange multiplier interpolation schemes are considered. Furthermore, some implementational issues such as how to handle boundary conditions will be described such that stability is retained. Finally, the implementation will be demonstrated in numerical simulations and comparison of different formulations will be made.

Purpose: Economic development agendas usually drive innovation, and it is an essential tool for government institutions to promote economic growth. The Quadruple Helix Model of Innovation captures the process by integrating and overlapping knowledge and technology, forming an aggregate output invested in producing more products and services, innovation, and technology. This chapter focuses on how the quadruple helix supports the linkage between knowledge creation, innovation output, and enhancing regional and national competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach: The chapter also illustrates the triple helix concept and then the quadruple helix model of innovation, focusing on the four main aspects, i.e., Government, Universities, Industry, and Civil society. The authors aim to simulate the economic significance of evolving, rapidly adaptive, and interdisciplinary knowledge and innovation ecosystems.

Findings: The findings and examples stated in several different MENA regions can boost the economy as various platforms provide digital transformation, encourage culture awareness in schools, encourage youth empowerment, and support tech start-ups. They can drive forward the index of creativity and innovation within entrepreneurs and the general members of society. Recommendations include a further study to modify the model and customize it based on the country’s needs.

Originality/value: This chapter of the book focuses on the four main aspects of the quadruple helix model of innovation with specific examples in several countries. The chapter would be beneficial for the upcoming entrepreneurs and students who progress in developing tech start-ups and digitization.