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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb042172. When citing the article, please cite: Sushil Chandra, Mukesh Chandra, (1985), “Acrylic modified water soluble oil based coatings”, Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. 14 Iss 11 pp. 11 - 14.

Alkyds are the work horse of paint industry. In order to obtain desired film properties, alkyd resins are frequently modified by other resins and polymers either by physically blending them or chemically incorporating them. Some of the recent physical modifications of alkyds have been described in this first part of the article. The chemical modifications will be described in the second part.

Polybisphenol phthalate was synthesized by the melt poly condensation process and its physical and spectral data were determined. It was blended in different proportion with linseed alkyds of various oil length. Film properties of these blends were studied and were compared with those of plain linseed alkyds. It was observed that chemical properties of the blends, containing 10 and 25 per cent polybisphenol phthalate were superior to those of the plain alkyds and the blends containing 50 per cent polybisphenol phthalate. The mechanical properties such as scratch hardness of the polybisphenol phthalate alkyd blends were inferior to those of the plain linseed alkyds.

Acryclic copolymers from methacrylic acid‐ethyl acrylate or butylacrylate were prepared and incorporated into the castor oil alkyd structure. The neutralised product was water soluble. Water soluble hexamethoxy methyl melamine resin was prepared and used as curing agent. Several proportions of water soluble acrylic modified alkyds and hexamethoxy methyl melamine resin were examined at various baking schedules. It was established that 30% of the curing agent gave most satisfactory properties after baking at 150°C for 30 minutes. It was found that ethyl acrylate modified compositions had better scratch hardness and acid resistance than those of the butyl acrylate modified composition. However, the latter had better alkali resistance. These surface coating compositions have been recommended as industrial primers.

In order to obtain desired film properties, alkyd resins are frequently modified by other resins and polymers either by physically blending them or chemically incorporating them. Some of the recent physical modifications of alkyd have already been described in the first part of the article. In this second part, the different types of resins and polymers used for the chemical modifications of alkyd resin are reviewed. A critical discussion on generally recognised advantages and disadvantages of the resultant coating from each modifier is described. Their use in surface coating industry are enumerated. Types of modifier to be used for improving a particular property in the coating are also suggested.

Polybisphenol phthalate was synthesized and incorporated into linseed oil alkyd by replacing a part of phthalic anhydride during the preparation of alkyds. Film properties of these polybisphenol phthalate modified alkyds (also termed as copolyesters) were examined and compared with those of pure alkyds. Copolyesters were superior in film properties as compared to pure alkyd resins especially with respect to chemical resistance.

Polystyrene glycol was prepared and incorporated into nigerseed oil and castor oil alkyds representing semi‐drying and non‐drying type alkyds respectively. Compatibility of polystyrene glycol with these alkyds was investigated. It was found that 11 to 12 per cent polystyrene glycol could successfully be blended with these alkyds. In order to determine usefulness of these polyblends, film properties were examined and compared with those of plain alkyds. It was observed that polystyrene glycol modified alkyd blends were superior in film properties as compared to plain alkyds.

The purpose of the paper is to show that, despite comprehensive coverage of services for TB provided by a public‐private partnership for TB control in Patan, a city in Nepal, case finding is low, compared with the target based on an Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection (ARTI) of 4 per cent. Doubts have been raised as to the appropriateness of the target. The objective of the study was to estimate the number of new TB cases occurring in Patan, to assess whether the target was appropriate.

In the paper doorstep interviews were conducted with all households in the study area, followed by in‐depth interviews of households with possible or probable TB cases. The survey findings were validated against the patient registers of the five DOTS centres in Patan.

The paper finds that, among the study population of 36,918, the household survey identified 17 smear‐positive TB cases (none privately‐treated) and 24 smear‐negative/extra‐pulmonary cases (including four privately‐treated cases). Validation against the DOTS patient registers indicated that the survey was 54 per cent complete. After adjusting for incompleteness, the number of smear‐positive cases in the study area was estimated as 31, equivalent to an incidence of 85 smear positives per 100,000 population and an ARTI of 1.7 per cent.

The paper shows that using the ARTI may lead to misleadingly high targets for urban TB control. Unrealistically high targets may cause TB workers to become demoralised, and useful strategies to be abandoned. Therefore, further work is needed to identify better ways of setting targets.

Analyses the magnitude and complexity of the challenge of diversity in managing people in the Indian workplace. Considers the challenges for human resource management in the 1990s, and highlights the major issues and opportunities in coping with these challenges. Aims to provide direction for future empirical studies.

This study aims to identify and prioritize various growth-accelerating factors in the Indian automotive industry. It further develops a hierarchical model to examine the mutual interactions between the factors, their dependence and their driving power.

This study first identifies the growth-accelerating factors and then uses the modified total interpretive structural modeling (m-TISM) framework, which is an extended version of TISM. It further uses MICMAC analysis to analyze the mutual interrelation between the identified factors.

This study highlights the interrelation amongst the factors using m-TISM model. A hierarchical model shows the level of autonomous, dependence, linkage and independent factors considering the Indian automotive industry. This study also provides the understanding related to the interdependence of growth-accelerating factors.

The government and practitioners could evaluate the growth-accelerating factors which have higher driving power for implementing efficient policies and strategy formulation. By implementing m-TISM model in the Indian automotive industry, auto manufacturers can become more productive and profitable. Future studies could use other methods such as expert opinion to derive the factors, and further model could be verified using structural equation modeling technique.

This study uses a novel m-TISM framework for the analysis of growth-accelerating factors in the context of the Indian automotive industry. It further provides a detailed theoretical and conceptual understanding relating to the philosophy and establishes an interrelation amongst these under-researched growth-accelerating factors.