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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of family involvement in the educational sessions and follow-up meetings on compliance with the low-salt diet for hypertensive older adults.

Randomized controlled trial was used in this study with a total of 30 hypertensive older adults divided into two groups (n = 15). The intervention group involved one family member during the educational sessions and follow-up meetings. Conversely, no family member was involved in the control group.

The intervention group showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in compliance level on the attitude (knowledge) and subjective norm (psychomotor and family support) subscales. The perceived obstacle subscale and the salt concentration in food and urine excretion significantly decreased both after educational sessions and follow-up meetings (p < 0.05). However, the control group did not.

A relatively small number of samples would have affected the results, but in this study, randomization was applied in sample collection.

By encouraging the involvement of family members in the educational sessions and follow-up meetings, it could enhance compliance of low-salt diet among hypertensive older adults.

The findings and outputs provide a combination of family involvement and the Geragogy learning model through educational sessions and follow-up meetings that could enhance a low-salt diet adherence among older adults with hypertension in the community.

This review aims to describe the effectiveness of education with the transtheoretical model (TTM)-based on the self-care behavior of hypertension patients.

A systematic literature search was carried out on four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Grey literature to identify studies reported in English which were published in the last ten years. The literature search was conducted from November 13 to December 10, 2020.

Based on the six studies that have been analyzed, TTM is effective in changing the stage of change and behavior of hypertension patients. These behavioral changes have an impact on the patient's controlled blood pressure. Various types of TTM-based educational interventions can be used, but the tailored behavior intervention is the most appropriate one with a minimum intervention duration of six months. Educational intervention is carried out through combine counseling and education using electronic media.

This review presents the effectiveness of transtheoretical-based health education in changing the self-care behavior of hypertension patients accompanied by evidence-based on its implementation. There is a high and unclear risk of bias on several items influence this systematic outcome. Nevertheless, this review can still provide an overview of the effectiveness of education based on the TTM in hypertension patients about the quality results of the reviewed studies.