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A great number of German companies are suffering an acute financial crisis. Financial optimisation of the substantial property holdings owned by German companies offers an opportunity to reduce costs and to free up capital. However, the demands on property for operational purposes create difficulties when optimisation is carried out exclusively for financial objectives. In this paper it will be shown, by means of an empirical investigation of real estate directors and financial managers of the leading German undertakings, that companies are failing to take the decisive step towards optimisation. The reason for this lies in inadequate internal preparations, manifested in the lack of a linkage between real estate strategy and corporate strategy. Property rights‐oriented analyses of real estate assets create new scope to refinance existing holdings, without sacrificing the important requirements of the units occupying them. This paper discusses the essential steps to a solution and explains the potentials that can be enhanced by a structured financial optimisation of property holdings.

The purpose of this paper is to present partial results of a survey conducted in Slovenia and Japan. Its aim is to determine factors, which have a decisive influence on potential acquirers of real estate rights when deciding to purchase real estate. Discussed is the role of personal expectations and the role of satisfaction of potential acquirers of real estate rights regarding factors related to the real estate in which participants live and according to their different cultural identity.

The authors follow the hypothesis that differences in personal expectations and expressed satisfaction of potential acquirers of real estate rights regarding real estate factors according to different cultural identity are statistically significant. The main instrument for measuring the participants' expectations is a questionnaire in which 1,270 participants took part.

By analysing the results of statistical analyses, the hypothesis is confirmed. Results show that Slovene participants compared to Japanese participants express a higher satisfaction level with the current real estate in which they live and at the same time lower expectations regarding practically all real estate factors. The article explains the difference of the higher expressed satisfaction with the difference in the level of residential estate ownership, which is higher in Slovenia. Also explained is the lower expectations of Slovene participants, with the conclusion that less than one‐third of Slovene participants are willing to give up certain key factors in case of a lower real estate price.

There are potential risks of error arising from the use of assumptions, limited samples size and data from the secondary resources.

The major contribution of this paper is showing that expressed participants' high satisfaction with residential status does not necessarily generate high expectations regarding real estate factors.

The purpose of this paper is to review land/real estate registration practice in Hong Kong, and make an in-depth comparison with Mainland China and finally provide helpful suggestions for the government.

Research methods including document analysis/review and comparative study are used in this paper.

The main findings focus on the problems existing in the mainland, including narrow query subject, single way of query, limited query time, and lacking of incentive mechanism. Helpful suggestions for real estate registration system in Mainland China are offered based on the comparative study.

The unified registration system can improve the efficiency of administrative institutions to ensure an open and transparent environment of property right registration, which helps prevent the relevant departments from abusing administrative power and harming the interests of obligees. The findings of this research can serve as a useful reference for policy makers to improve the unified registration system in China.

The registration system/mechanism determines the efficiency and effectiveness of real estate/land market. However, land registration and query in some countries such as Mainland China have institutional problems which hinder the sustained and healthy development of the real estate industry. The value of this paper is to propose constructive suggestions for such countries/regions by comparing and learning from a good model.

This paper aims to show the practical conditions of the unification of real estate register system in Korea.

Literature research.

Although some information improvements and benefits in transaction can be expected through the elimination of discordances between dualized registry/registration books, the unification process should consider some legal and institutional factors which have been stabilized in the Korean society.

The socioeconomic effect of unification of real estate register system, such as cost-benefit consideration, is not included in this study. As for methodology, the conceptional framework is not based on an established theory, but on the simple thumb rule.

The unification of registry and registration system of real estate in Korea could be implemented in a way of mild delegation of tasks, without a radical restructuring of the system. The practical guideline could be found in the system of family registry.

The possibility of implementation of unification of the real estate register system is analyzed in aspects of social institutions and legal considerations.

Many recent social media posts and news may create a perception of big success in the use of blockchain for the real estate industry, land registration and protection of titles and property rights. A sobering outlook is crucial because misleading concepts may bury the whole idea of blockchain use. This paper aims to research the possibilities of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies (DLT) and applicability of these technologies for different purposes in real estate, property rights and public registries.

This research is framed with policy studies and focuses on property rights, land registration regulatory framework and information and communication technologies innovations. The context of this paper is decentralization which has been developed in political science studies and the role of blockchain and DLT in it. Therefore, the provided analysis of blockchain and DLT is interdisciplinary research to interpret the facets of DLT technologies in the context of real estate and land title registration.

Permissioned and private DLT systems cannot be considered a significant evolutionary step in government systems. Blockchain, which is distinguished from permissioned systems as the technology of the immutable ledger that does not require authorities, is a new word in governance. However, this technology has some principal features that can restrain its implementation at the state level and thus require further research and development. The application of blockchain requires a proper architecture of overlaid technologies to support changes of outdated and mistaken data, address issues of digital identity and privacy, legal compliance and enforceability of smart contracts and scalability of the ledger.

This paper shows the constraints of the technology’s properties which were not explained before in the context of title rights and land registration even though technological limits are known in more specific technical sources. Along with the known benefits this meant to help to avoid misinterpretation of some DLT features by non-technical people. A multidisciplinary approach in analyzing the technology and laws helped to better understand what can and cannot be beneficial for public registries and the protection of property rights. The presented outcomes can be laid down as requirements for the technical protocols aimed at addressing the issues of DLT and public policies to put blockchain at the service of society.

This paper aims to trace the evolution of the theory and practice of valuation of real estate interests. Using a historical perspective, especially in the context of recent events, it identifies an emerging unification of thought and application that has important implications for the future.

The paper identifies and synthesizes the contributory literature to the philosophical underpinnings of value theory and practice as applied to real estate. From pre‐history to the present, it traces classical concepts and the way these are related to the recent innovations in economic and financial valuation theory.

Recent contributions to value theory hold the promise of unifying and transforming the practice of real estate appraisal to one that is state‐of‐the‐art in terms of its contemporary relevance. However, numerous issues remain as obstacles, including insufficient recognition of the “real” nature (as opposed to “capital” nature) of real estate; a lag in educational standards to bring the profession up to date; an excessive reliance on models and data rather than judgment and common sense; and “silo‐ization” of specialties. Promising directions for future research are identified.

The task of valuation of interests in real property has taken on an increasingly important role, as the market for real estate has grown and become more liquid and complete. This paper provides a perspective on where it has come from and where it must go in the future in terms necessary changes in theory and practice to remain viable and relevant.

A central consideration in real estate is the analysis of those factors that impact upon value, in particular how value is created in real estate development and investment deals. The converse of understanding how real estate value may be destroyed is equally important. The paper seeks to argue that a better understanding of these processes would allow more informed and successful decisions to be made in structuring investments and evaluating performance.

An innovative web‐based survey tool was employed. The paper analyses expert opinion based on a sample of 97 real estate professionals from North America and Europe. Those issues that can impact on the creation and destruction of value in real estate development and investment projects and their relative magnitude of impact are assessed.

There is no apparent distinction between those factors that create value and those that destroy value, though there are variations in the magnitude of impact. Idea/concept is the major influence for development projects and is even more pronounced for real estate investment. Perception/recognition of the opportunity is a key driver of value.

Limitations arise from the response rate which allows an upper tier of analysis across the entire data set but is not of sufficient size to disaggregate either by respondent professional group or by geographical region.

Although the objective of real estate development, investment and deal making is value creation, there is, paradoxically, little literature about creating value. This paper is the first study to elicit opinion internationally on the subject and to quantify the relative contribution of a range of factors concerning value creation and destruction in a real estate project.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of real estate market factors on foreign real estate investment (FREI).

Applying panel data technique, this paper uses related observations from 31 countries (inclusive of developed countries and emerging market economies) between 2000 and 2008 to investigate the relationships between real estate market factors and FREI.

Controlling for market size, infrastructure and political stability, the results for all countries indicate that lower financing costs and higher levels of transparency in real estate market attract greater amounts of FREI. Moreover, the paper finds that foreign real estate investors favor countries with higher property prices. Interestingly, when the paper splits the sample in developed countries and emerging market economies the paper finds that there are some differences in results in terms of determinants of FREI.

While FREI is a large component of service FDI, currently there are no analyses of FREI determinants across a broad set of countries over time. Therefore, the present study has filled this gap.