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Describes the CAN [Controller Area Network] standard for linking microcontrollers and shows how it could be used for industrial applications. Outlines how CAN was developed for the automotive industry and gives advantages over traditional point‐to point wiring harness systems. Describes the CAN protocol and the three main CAN chip configurations. Concludes that CAN has many industrial applications and that a technology resources club has been set up at the Advanced Technology Centre at the University of Warwick to promote the use of CAN in products/systems with multiple controllers.

Outlines a short history of controller networks (also known as fieldbuses) and their current effects on the control and automation industries.

Management training has gained much attention over the past decade with developed countries spending billions of dollars each year in this area. In order to examine management training, a mail survey was conducted of 1,000 randomly selected Canadian organisations having at least 500 employees. Results from the 225 responding organisations yielded findings on management training policies, training needs assessment procedures, training evaluation, and expected future directions in management training among other findings. Overall, Canadian organisations recognise the importance of management training; however, there is a need for better identification of training requirements and evaluation of training.

The roles and responsibilities of the chief financial officer (hereafter CFO) have evolved dramatically over the past 10 years. This article explores this evolution from a South African perspective by, firstly, presenting an extensive literature review on the matter. Secondly, a unique South African model of the key focus areas for CFOs is proposed. Lastly, the results of a questionnaire administered to the CFOs of FTSE/JSE Top 40 companies are reported. The results revealed significant findings relating to the CFO’s most important current and future role ‐ that of planner and strategist. In addition, CFOs at the top of the corporate ladder expect to focus more on their role as a growth and innovation catalyst. This article also identifies three key areas for future research that will make an important contribution to the continued development of the educational framework for chartered accountants.

Unstable Kelvin-Helmholtz waves are suspected to be responsible for a large part of low-frequency noise radiation in high-speed jets. The purpose of this paper is to check the coherence of numerical and experimental data concerning this phenomenon, in the particular case of a cold subsonic jet.

In the present work, a cross-investigation of the near pressure field is performed on three different data sets: large-eddy simulation (LES) computations, parabolised stability equations (PSE) semi-modal computations and microphone measurements, in order to determine the local amplitudes of unstable waves.

The large coherent structures are found in both LES and experimental results and they are also in good agreement with direct semi-modal computations carried out with the PSE approach.

This work confirms that the unstable wave packets can be extracted from both LES and experimental results, provided that an appropriate modal decomposition is performed.

Proposes a broader framework for management development which includes education, training and planned job assignments. Within this framework, the major challenges confronting management development in the 1990s are seen as: linking development efforts to the organization′s strategic plan: utilizing job assignments more effectively to build management skills; improving the transferability of training and educational experiences to the job, and developing more collaborative business‐university relationships (e.g. consortia) to meet the development needs of specific industries and organizations better.

The traditional use of fieldbus is discussed. Examples of novel applications enabled by fieldbus are introduced. Work on temporary fieldbus connectivity that allows more robust and simple tool change mechanisms is then described.

This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of low incidence of COVID-19 in Polish prisons. This paper addresses three questions: was the Polish prison system ready to respond to the threats posed by COVID-19; what action has it taken in this regard; and with what effect?

An analysis of the current condition of the Polish prison system was undertaken focusing on items that were the focus of prisoners’ complaints, the interventions of the Ombudsman and the bulletins of the Central Board of the Prison Service. This analysis has been juxtaposed with the opinions of experts in epidemiology and medicine and changes introduced in the law relating to prisoners.

During the COVID-19 epidemic – despite serious chronic problems in the Polish penitentiary system – the statistics indicated that 24 individuals were infected and no deaths occurred. When compared to the statistics of non-prison cases, this result is extremely low.

Given the newness of the problem, the conflicts of different interests, the “double” isolation of prisons (penal and epidemiological) and the reluctance of the prison administration to provide information about what is happening behind prison walls, researchers must rely on statistics and subjective contacts with prisoners, for example, by investigating their complaints.

As a result of the research, the author believes that the transparency of institutions such as prisons should be ensured, primarily expressed in the provision of information to both prisoners and the public relating to methods adopted to prevent epidemics in the context of prison and prisoners.

The value of this paper is to show how prisons have managed in a new, exceptional situation to balance the right to health and personal safety of prisoners and warders, with the right to contact with the outside world and humane living conditions in a closed and doubly isolated space. The findings presented will add value to the knowledge and effectiveness of the prison administration’s reaction and response to an emergency such as an epidemic.

It is still widely accepted that women managers are not catching up on their male peers with regard to seniority of position and pay. To learn more about the problem, a study was conducted into the career development of MBA graduates from one of the leading UK business schools. Of the 344 alumni who took part in the study, 96 were women. The respondents came from the UK and from many nations around the world. The career development of the graduates, their competences and their career aspirations were compared across those variables. Differences in performance based on discrimination due to gender were studied. Variables of career development of the graduates, their competences and career aspirations were compared for women and men. The findings indicate that studying for an MBA has a place as a vehicle to reduce discrimination and increase self‐confidence of the individual. Results also indicate the potential value of having an MBA in dealing with discrimination due to gender in organisations.

Pandemics pose challenges to all groups of people and all aspects of human lives. Undocumented migrants are likely to face more challenges during global pandemics. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible challenges of undocumented immigrants in Canada and the USA in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

From existing literature, the authors examined the challenges of undocumented migrants in Canada and the USA and suggested recommendations to address those challenges at both policy and national levels.

The undocumented status of some international immigrants makes them vulnerable in their host nations. They face myriad challenges in their host countries, spanning from economic, health, social isolation and employment challenges, and these are further exacerbated during pandemics such as the ongoing COVID-19. The provision of culturally sensitive and safe policies may support this particular population, especially in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper provides critical insights into the possible intersections that worsen the vulnerability of undocumented migrants in pandemic crises like COVID-19. Further, this review serves to initiate the discourse on policy and interventions for undocumented immigrants during pandemics or disease outbreaks.