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Timber is one of the essential products which has to run all the risks attendant upon shipment from overseas; but, even after surviving all these dangers, on arrivalat the sawmill, in being cut up into the required sizes of boards etc. a large percentage is reduced to waste as sawdust. It seems a great pity that we should defeat the enemy's attempts to destroy this essential war material, and then ourselves render such a large proportion waste.

THE object of this article is to deal with the present day use of urea‐formaldehyde resin glues in the aircraft industry. This type of glue is used in two spheres of the industry. (1) In the manufacture of plywood of aircraft quality, and (2) in the manufacture of wooden aircraft structures.

TITANIUM, with a melting point of 1,660 deg. C, higher than that of nickel or iron, a density little more than one‐half that of steel, and a corrosion resistance in certain environments superior to stainless steel, is evidently a metal of significance to aeronautics. In the last few years remarkable advances have been made in both the production technology and the basic physical metallurgy of the titanium alloys, and it would be fair to say that aeronautics generally has not exploited the possibilities of these alloys to the extent that might have been expected. This is in part due to economic factors, as titanium is still relatively expensive, and in part due to a lack of conviction in the relative advantages which the alloys can offer. It is obvious that as more titanium is brought into use in aeronautics, so the economic aspect will improve, and the more experience will designers and materials engineers generally gain in its utilization. The purpose of the present article is to survey some of the basic metallurgical considerations which enter into the development of the titanium alloys, and relate these to the specific engineering factors of interest in aeronautics. This will lead to a discussion of the ways in which the titanium alloys are being introduced into aircraft structures and engines. The subject is clearly a very large one to attempt in a single article, and many quite important topics have necessarily been abridged or omitted altogether. The references should, however, make it possible to follow up individual subjects in more detail.

This chapter explores the implications of patrimonial politics in the Dutch East India Company empire in the context of establishing a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa in the mid-seventeenth century. The Cape extended the reach of Company patrimonial networks with elite Company officials circulating throughout the Indian Ocean empire and consolidating their familial ties through marriage both within the colonies and in the United Provinces. These patrimonial networks extended to the Cape as elite Company officials created families locally or married Cape-born women. As the colony grew, the Company created a class of free-burghers some the wealthiest of whom were tied directly into elite Company patrimonial networks. But from the early eighteenth century onwards these elite Company networks came into conflict with the evolving free-burgher patrimonial networks with which they were in direct competition. This paper argues that local patrimonial networks can evolve in a settler colony that challenge the elite patrimonial networks of the imperial elite.

The institution of the university has played a significant role in the economic, social, political, and cultural developments of society throughout history, which has resulted in presenting different but also contradictory views on university missions. After the middle of the twentieth century, some economic developments, especially technological ones, have led to the maximum domination of economic discourse over university missions and, consequently, the marginalization of other aspects of university missions, which constitute a significant part of the contribution of universities in society. In this regard, this study aimed to identify the missions of universities based on a comprehensive understanding of the contribution of universities in society. This study uses a systematic qualitative review strategy for collecting and investigating the data and a metasynthesis method to analyze and synthesize the findings. The data included 130 valid studies related to university missions. The research findings indicated 18 important university missions, 11 of which are considered transeconomic missions, including social, political, and cultural ones. Among the implications of this research are: the necessity of redefining higher education policy frameworks based on a more comprehensive understanding of the missions of universities and a warning about policy frameworks based on the exclusive authorization for their role in the knowledge-based economy.

GUEST editor of this South African issue of THE LIBRARY WORLD is Hendrik M. Robinson, Director of Library Services, Transvaal Provincial Administration, Pretoria.

Following the spirit of an earlier volume in the series focusing on ‘Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research’, the mandate of the current volume is to provide a comparative account of dynamics across two organizational fields – health care and higher education – and, subsequently, two specific types of organizational forms – hospitals and universities. In so doing, we take a broader perspective encompassing various conceptual and theoretical points of departure emanating from, mostly, the institutional literature in the social sciences (and its various perspectives), but also from public policy and administration literatures – of relevance to scholars and the communities of practice working within either field. In this introductory paper to the volume, we provide a brief overview of developments across the two organizational fields and illuminate on the most important scholarly traditions underpinning the study of both system dynamics as a whole as well as universities and hospitals as organizations and institutions. We conclude by reflecting on the implication of the volume’s key findings in regards to comparative research within organizational studies.

Stakeholders and their organizations are increasingly involved in governance of higher education, not only within institutions or at system level, but also in various supra-national and intergovernmental processes. For these, as well as pragmatic reasons (ease of access and relatively simple methods for analysis), this chapter advocates for a more systematic approach to studying stakeholder organizations, their participation in and impact on governance of higher education. Specifically, the chapter: (1) provides a three-fold nested conceptualization of policy positions of stakeholder organizations, comprising issues, preferences concerning these issues, and the normative basis utilized to legitimize said preferences; (2) presents advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches to analyzing policy positions of stakeholder organizations, including qualitative and quantitative content analysis, employing either human coding or computer-assisted coding of policy documents; and (3) highlights different insights one can gain from analyzing policy positions of stakeholder organizations. It combines (thus far limited) insights from higher education studies with the more generic literature on interest groups, and uses examples from European level stakeholder organizations to illustrate its points.