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This chapter introduces the concept of financial market and highlights the role of e-payment systems in the financial market by focusing on the keywords of financial innovation, e-payment and sustainability.

In this chapter customer opinion and perception towards e-payment system is disclosed with the help of descriptive analysis of the responses collected from the respondents using questionnaire.

In this chapter, to explore the past and understand the present scenario in financial market, a comprehensive literature review (LR) is performed, in which 809 articles from the database of Scopus for the last 10 years are extracted and analyzed using VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. Citation analysis of the popular identified factors is highlighted that will help the future researchers to focus on the identified popular factors for research in the financial market. The chapter also presents a conceptual model of financial market, to uncover the future of financial markets.

Despite several similarities, Generation Z in Indonesia has specific characteristics that might differentiate them from their colleagues from other countries. Socio-cultural factors such as national values shape their behaviours in many aspects of their life. Specific significant life events in Indonesia such as inhumanity among minorities and damaging natural disasters are also believed to contribute to the development of the specific characteristics of Generation Z in this country. The aim of this chapter is to describe these characteristics as well as the behaviours of Generation Z in personal and professional contexts, including their consumer behaviours. Based on literature and publications related to the topic, it can be seen that people from this generation are realistic but confident with their abilities, especially in using technologies. However, there is a need for social interaction, especially with experts such as their superordinates particularly during difficult times. These characteristics will lead to specific behaviours from Generation Z in Indonesia.

We design experiments to jointly elicit risk and time preferences for the adult Danish population. The experimental procedures build on laboratory experiments that have used traditional subject pools. The field experiments utilize field sampling designs that we developed, and procedures that were chosen to be relatively transparent in the field with non-standard subject pools. Our overall design was also intended to be a general template for such field experiments in other countries. We examine the characterization of risk over a wider domain for each subject than previous experiments, allowing more precise estimates of risk attitudes. We also examine individual discount rates over six time horizons, as the first stage in a panel experiment in which we revisit subjects to test consistency and stability of responses over time. Risk and time preferences are heterogeneous, varying by observable individual characteristics. On a methodological level, we implement a refinement of existing procedures which elicits much more precise estimates, and also mitigates framing effects.

The purpose of the chapter is to analyze the results of the primary survey on consumer cash and cashless payments in Poland in 2018 in the context of previous (secondary) surveys carried out in Poland and other EU countries.

The primary survey was carried out between February 9 and March 1, 2018, using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interview method. The survey was conducted on a nationwide sample of Polish nationals aged 15 or more. A total of 1,100 interviews were conducted. To ensure the representativeness of the collected data, the edge weighting (the iterative technique-rim weighting) was applied in accordance with the structure of the Polish population, including the variables of gender, age, and education.

The obtained results may be used by the participants of the payment services market in Poland, including the card issuers, clearing agents, payment organizations, and banks in order to discover the reasons for a high level of cash payments and to seek solutions to increase the cashless turnover in order to achieve better results in the future. In addition, this study fills a gap in the research in the field of the cashless payments and contributes to the creation of a literature on the cashless payments as related to the cash payments, with special emphasis on the consumers’ financial knowledge and skills.

This study examines how Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), as tax practitioners, interpret and apply the ethical tax standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), using a hypothetical situation. Although the authors attempt to determine if CPAs are more likely to apply the substantial authority standard given certain factors affecting both the CPAs and their tax clients, one-dimensional standard threshold applications leave us to interpret only whether these factors affect the CPAs’ decision to sign a tax return upholding an ambiguous position. The authors find that an aggressive CPA (self-reported) is more inclined to sign the return than an unaggressive CPA. The authors also find that favorable prior dealings with the IRS, and awareness that the IRS is not pursuing a contrary position to a certain tax position, both contribute significantly to the CPA’s willingness to sign the return. While an aggressive tax client also fosters willingness to sign, it appears that tax clients with a refund pending (as opposed to a payment pending) are more apt to trigger a signed return. Study results indicate that ambiguities in the tax code, in concert with mitigating CPA/client factors, may lead to significant discrepancies in interpretation and application.