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The printed Hybrid Technology currently employed by ICL in their volume production of printed circuits is outlined. Details are given of the various problems eliminated by the use of this technology, as well as of the advantages to be gained.

The successful formation of solder joints to attach surface mount devices to multilayer printed circuit boards requires the electroplated, reflowed tin‐lead surface of the connection land to be completely free from contamination prior to the application of solder cream. Solder resists and their application methods are seen as the most common source of contaminant and the elimination of this process, at least on expensive buried logic multilayers, has been seen as the only long term solution. The technology described cannot be applied to double‐sided or four‐layer multilayers using surface mount and therefore the pursual of the ideal solder resist system cannot stop.

On Wednesday 13th October, 1982, the Cahners Exposition Group, proprietors of the Internepcon Exhibition, sponsored and organised a special banquet to honour two individuals who had made major contributions to their respective Industries.

Some special characteristics of solder joints made between surface mounted electronic components and circuit boards as compared with conventional wave soldered lead‐through joints are discussed, and the types of defects to be expected are listed. Following a description of metallographic methods suitable for examining surface soldered joints, some metallographic features, both normal and defective, of solder joints between chip carriers and substrates are illustrated and discussed. The features include porosity, intermetallic phases, solder microstructure, and low cycle fatigue cracking resulting from temperature cycling.

I review the burgeoning literature on applications of Markov regime switching models in empirical finance. In particular, distinct attention is devoted to the ability of Markov Switching models to fit the data, filter unknown regimes and states on the basis of the data, to allow a powerful tool to test hypotheses formulated in light of financial theories, and to their forecasting performance with reference to both point and density predictions. The review covers papers concerning a multiplicity of sub-fields in financial economics, ranging from empirical analyses of stock returns, the term structure of default-free interest rates, the dynamics of exchange rates, as well as the joint process of stock and bond returns.

Oil market VAR models have become the standard tool for understanding the evolution of the real price of oil and its impact on the macro economy. As this literature has expanded at a rapid pace, it has become increasingly difficult for mainstream economists to understand the differences between alternative oil market models, let alone the basis for the sometimes divergent conclusions reached in the literature. The purpose of this survey is to provide a guide to this literature. Our focus is on the econometric foundations of the analysis of oil market models with special attention to the identifying assumptions and methods of inference.

Based on the panel data analysis of Taiwan’s family business groups from 2000 to 2002, this research attempts to investigate the relationships among the types of ownership structure, particularistic ties, and the engagements in regional markets from a social capital perspective. The result indicates that a family business group’s use of particularistic ties is contingent on its relative centralization in decision‐making. Consequently, the family business group’s use of particularistic ties in subsidiaries significantly influences its engagements in regional markets. This study highlights the possible role of particularistic ties as a kind of firm‐specific advantage existing within family business groups when expanding internationally. Furthermore, it indicates that the indigenous particularistic ties intrinsic to Great China societies have implications for multinational companies in the context of this region.