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This paper aims to investigate increasing heat transfer in bend tube 90° by fluid injection using nano fluid flow that was performed by expending varying Reynolds number. This paper studies the increased heat transfer in the bent tube that used some parameters to examine the effects of volume fraction, nanoparticle diameter, fluid injection, Reynolds number on heat transfer and flow in a bend pipe.

Designing curved tubes increases the thermal conductivity amount between fluid and wall. It is used the finite volume method and simple algorithms to solve the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. The results showed that the nanoparticles used in bent tube transfusion increase the heat transfer performance by increasing the volume fraction; it has a direct impact on enhancing the heat transfer coefficient.

Heat transfer coefficient enhanced 1.5% when volume fraction increased from 2 % to 6%, the. It is due to the impact of nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity of the fluid. The fluid is injected into the boundary layer flow due to jamming that enhances heat transfer. Curved lines used create a centrifugal force due to the bending and lack of development that increase the heat transfer.

This study has investigated the effect of injection of water into a 90° bend before and after the bend. Specific objectives are to analyze effect of injection on heat transfer of bend tube and pressure drop, evaluate best performance of mixing injection and bend in different positions and analyze effect of nano fluid volume fraction on injection.

The purpose of this paper is to disenchant advocates of sustainability of the current form of capitalism and to argue that under current intensification of globalisation of economic and political efforts, “privilege” and “alienation” might be relocated/rearranged/redistributed but that the basic dynamic will remain constant. The very poor and vulnerable appear to be treated as collateral damage by capitalist practices reified as “The Market” and which we have personified as “The Master”.

The authors draw on the metaphor of subaltern studies to amplify their call for further discussion. Portraying the economic system as The (ruthless) Master invites further conversation about complicity or subjugation and invites reflection on alternatives to associated agency.

The Master's powers are amplifying globally. He continues to demand sacrifices. The most recent demand comes in the call for the protection of his economy at the expense of those to be most affected by climate change. These sacrifices are to be enacted by the willing high priests, the compliant, and the ignorant. Their sacrificial lambs are those who are forcibly harnessed to a system that exploits them, who become dependent on that system for survival, and who may be summarily dismissed when their “usefulness” is deemed diminished. The paper is here concerned with the people whose alternatives are reduced or destroyed and with the tolerance of this destruction of lives and livelihoods by an enabling population.

This paper is an invitation to continued conversation, not a research paper in the positivist sense. The paper may be viewed as an experiment to see how far alternative perspectives can flourish in the academy and in our classrooms, boardrooms, and cafeterias. Conversations are posited as a means of change – of self and society.

This paper invites practitioners and academics to engage with critical self‐reflection as a necessary aspect for transformational learning and leadership. The extent to which positivists models of knowing prevail, papers more exploratory of diverse ontologies may be diminished or dismissed with significant implications for the enhancement or depletion of (intellectual and spiritual) diversity.

The attractiveness of “sustainability” discourses are a mixed blessing. They may be generated to unsettle and used to transform ways of knowing and being that have led to the current crises facing humanity. The proffered remedies for these crises may also enable The Master to become better informed and more able to assimilate those who criticise. A subaltern position would make this less likely.

The value of an amplified subaltern voice lies in the honing of more critical insights and thus the discovery of not only more creative technical solutions to issues of sustainability and justice but the co‐creation of covenants that may generate a form of human and environmental flourishing beyond the Wealth of Corpor‐Nations.