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The purpose of this study is to describe the environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of AISI 316L stainless steel as bare and coated cases in several corrosion environments. The main purpose of this study is to extend the lifespan of 316L material under corrosive fatigue in sodium chloride environments.

Fatigue tests carried out by using a Schenk type plane bending fatigue machine made by Tokyokoki Co. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the fracture surfaces and tested specimen surfaces. The micro-Vickers hardness of specimens was measured by using a PC-controlled Buehler–Omnimet tester.

Under reciprocating bending condition (R = −1) the behavior of 316L SS bare samples and 316L SS coated with Al-5%Mg samples were investigated comparatively at room temperature in ambient air and in several corrosion solutions. The results obtained from the data showed that Al-5Mg coating procedure significantly stabilized the 316L SS even in the most aggressive environment 5 per cent NaCl solution as compared with bare samples.

Al-5Mg coating showed a stable structure under the corrosion liquids used in the experiments. The coating material served as a stable barrier between the base material and the corrosion fluid, thus ensuring a tightness even in long-term tests below the endurance limit.

Political science and public administration have seen significant transformations as a result of digitalization. The literature depicts the transformation brought about by digitalization at various stages. In the literature, these periods are termed as Public Administration 1.0 (Cameralism), Public Administration 2.0 (Weberian Bureaucracy), Public Administration 3.0 (New Public Administration), Public Administration 4.0 (Digital Public Administration) and Public Administration 5.0 (Super Smart Society). Not only has digitalization contributed to a more effective, efficient and accountable service understanding, but it has also contributed to the dissolution of the rigid understanding between voters and politicians. However, digitalization has brought both problems and benefits to the field. By creating a fast world, unconfirmed information reaches a greater number of people, bringing negative situations with it. Aside from the societal benefits of digitalization, the methods to be considered will also be discussed in this study.

This paper aims to examine the convergence pattern of residential house prices in a panel of 55 major cities in Turkey over the period between 2010 and 2018 and to investigate the determinants of convergence club formations.

The authors applied the log t-test to identify the convergence clubs and estimated ordered logit model to determine the key drivers.

The results suggest that there are five convergence clubs and confirm the heterogeneity of the Turkish housing market. Istanbul, the commercial capital, and Mugla, an attractive tourist destination, are at the top of the housing market and followed by the cities located in the western part, particularly along the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. Moreover, the ordered logit model results point out that the differences in employment rate, climate, population density and having a metropolitan municipality play a significant role in determining convergence club membership.

Large-scale policy measures aiming to increase employment opportunities in rural cities of central and eastern provinces and providing lower land prices and property taxes in the metropolitan cities of Turkey can help mitigate some of the divergence in the house prices across cities.

The novelty of this study lies in employing a new data set at the city level containing 55 cities in Turkey, which is by far the largest in terms of city coverage among emerging market economies to implement the log t-test. It also contributes to the literature on city-specific determinants of convergence club formation in the case of an emerging economy.