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Introduces the status of money laundering control in Ukraine: in 2001 the country was placed on the list of Non‐Cooperative Countries and Territories by the Financial Action Task Force, and the authorities pledged to intensify their enforcement efforts. Outlines the new Criminal Code and its comprehensive anti‐money laundering legislation, which has been accompanied by establishment of a new State Department of Financial Monitoring which is responsible for all anti‐money laundering implementation, and intensified efforts by the National Bank of Ukraine and other existing agencies; despite this, Ukraine will remain on the list until effective implementation is judged to have occurred.

Describes how Nauru was put on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) list of countries which are centres for money laundering; in response to this, the Nauruan Parliament passed the Anti‐Money Laundering Act of 2001. Mentions its provisions: it criminalised money laundering, established the Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority, and introduced know‐your‐customer obligations. Points out, however, that this failed to meet all the FATF 40 Recommendations, mainly because it did not mandate oversight of over 400 offshore centres or “shell banks”, so that FATF members applied sanctions to Nauru. Outlines the Republic’s existing financial services regime; the Evidence (Confidential Information) Act 1976 established Nauru as a safe haven by defining individual rights against disclosure, and its banking and company law were similarly deficient from the FATF’s point of view. Concludes that Nauru has made progress towards effective anti‐money laundering regulation, but serious issues remain unresolved in the ongoing political and economic turmoil.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of environmental offences committed in Malaysia charged under the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (EQA1974).

This study used secondary data of the environmental court cases report by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia from 2008 until 2016 to examine the nature of environmental offences based on the Treadmill of Production (ToP) approach.

In comparison with the GDP growth (Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2016), the findings support ToP argument that as far as the treadmill accelerates, the more would be the environmental crime committed. However, all offences charged were weighted more on the ecological additions rather than ecological withdrawn. The trend analysis showed a decreasing trend for all types of offences committed, reflecting that Malaysia's regulatory authorities are committed to fighting against environmental crime perpetrators. Therefore, all parties must be made to internalise the values of conducting business sustainably.

This paper is the first that examines the environmental offences committed in Malaysia using the ToP approach to analyse the nature of the crime committed in Malaysia associated with the growing literature of Green Criminology.

This paper aims to address lack in destination leadership and to propose a new typology of approaches. Frequently, rural tourism is suggested as a remedy that should enhance the local economy, create new jobs, strengthen the regional identity and finance the infrastructure.

Case study analysis shows that regions, communities, tourism organizations and managers use different strategies to strengthen their tourism offers or to develop new ones. The paper analyzes different development approaches among destinations and discusses their respective leadership structure.

The typology of tourism development models makes the different development options transparent and easy to understand. This may aid a community to support tourism development with spatial planning and avoid conflicts with other forms of land uses. Overall, leadership for rural tourism development should lead to a strategic cooperation between tourism businesses and other organizations based on a commitment to destination coherence.

The chosen research approach is based on the analysis of Central European case studies. Therefore, researchers of other geographical backgrounds are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

The presented typology illustrated four distinct options of coherent development strategies, which can support communities/regions to find a long-term decision frame.

The presented typology facilitates collaborative planning, helps operationalize rural tourism development policies and provides the foundation for spatial planning, all of which furthers the linkages between tourism and other sectors in the rural economy.