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In the present study, a steel lifting lug is replaced with a composite (carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy [CFRP]) lifting lug made of a carbon/epoxy composite. The purpose of this paper was to obtain a composite lifting lug with a higher level of strength that is capable of carrying loads without failure.

The vibration and static behaviors of steel and composite lifting lugs have been investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS software. The main consideration in the design of the composite (CFRP) lifting lug was that the displacement of both steel and composite lugs was the same under the same load. Hence, by using the FEA displacement result of the steel lifting lug, the thickness of the composite lifting lug is determined using FEA.

Compared to the steel lifting lug, the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has much lower stresses and much higher natural frequencies. Static behavior was experienced by the composite lifting lug, showing a reduction in von Mises stress, third principal stress and XZ shear stress, respectively, by 48.4%, 34.6% and 89.8%, respectively, when compared with the steel lifting lug. A higher natural frequency of mode shape swaying in X (258.976√1,000 Hz) was experienced by the composite lifting lug when compared to the steel lifting lug (195.935√1,000 Hz). The safe strength of the design composite lifting lug has been proven by FEA results, which showed that the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has a higher factor of safety in all developed stresses than the steel lifting lug. According to von Mises stress, the factor of safety of the composite lifting lug is increased by 76% when compared to the steel lifting lug. The von Mises stress at the edge of the hole in the composite lifting lug is reduced from 23.763 MPa to 20.775 MPa when compared to the steel lifting lug.

This work presents the designed composite (CFRP) lifting lug, which will be able to carry loads with more safety than a steel one.

Introduction Steelwork has been painted since its introduction as a structural material, and until recent years it was accepted that rusting would take place. A rough first painting, followed by regular maintenance was accepted as normal practice. For many structures it will still be economically correct to use the traditional methods, and these are well known, i.e. wire brush followed by two coats of red lead and one of a good quality finishing coat, and my paper will make no comment. It deals on broad lines with some of the problems encountered by the fabricator which are associated with higher quality systems.

To obtain the maximum value from any training a realistic environment is necessary and where emergency procedures are being taught this becomes vital. It is obviously impossible to predict with any certainty how everybody will behave in certain situations but cabin staff in particular, should be prepared by training conducted in an atmosphere which encourages the highest degree of realism possible without creating a risk situation. Difficulties have sometimes occured in the past and there have been many criticisms regarding the ‘unreal’ conditions in which procedures have been practised, but in fairness, the technology and expertise has not been available to fully exploit the lessons of previous accidents or incidents. This situation should to a large degree, be changed by the newest product of Omniplan Simulators which is being widely shown this month.

These abstracts of British Patent Specifications are condensed, by permission, from the official specifications. Copies of the full specifications are obtainable from the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, W.C.2, price 3s. 6d. each.

Son of a Birmingham chemist and zinc trader, Joseph set up his own zinc fabrication and galvanizing business in 1857, having gained experience of the zinc business working for his father. In 1864 he joined John Pierce Lacy to form Ash and Lacy, which is now the parent company of the Group.

Blagden Packaging unveiled at this year's Pakex Exhibition a new concept in “bag‐in‐the‐box” Intermediate Bulk Container. The multi‐national project between LB Systemer SA Copenhagen, Dow Corning and Blagden Packaging is the result of over two years research and development.

This paper seeks to provide an insight into the design and development of the thermal test model (TTM) of X‐Sat, a 120 kg class micro‐satellite, being developed at the Centre. This model was specifically constructed for carrying out a thermal balance test (TBT) in a 4 m diameter vertical thermal vacuum chamber.

The construction of the thermal model followed a structural mock‐up model which was modified thermally to suit the purpose. Specific and careful consideration was given to the geometry and, more importantly, thermal characteristics such as thermal mass, surface properties, etc. to mimic the actual satellite configuration as closely as possible. Test plans were devised to qualify the fabricated components to meet the out‐gassing and other thermal requirements for the model. Design and qualification of supporting frame and linkages for TBT are also covered.

It is possible to simulate the thermal characteristics of a micro‐satellite in orbit under a different mission scenario through proper scaling and using alternative material options while developing TTM.

The paper discusses in detail the simplified cost‐effective approach of constructing TTM and also outlines the various issues to be considered for a TBT. It provides valuable information needed for micro‐satellite designers.

Buildability is concerned with enhancing building designs to achieve ease of construction. Adapting from the Buildable Design Appraisal System in Singapore, a tailored‐made Buildability Assessment Model (BAM), which scores buildability of building designs, has been devised for use in Hong Kong. In developing the BAM, local factors and terrain characteristics, e.g. highly constrained and sloping site conditions, which are common features besetting the industry, are particularly considered. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to report on the effects of building sites on buildability.

A questionnaire survey with 39 valid responses was administered on construction practitioners, aimed at understanding the relative buildability importance of a number of building features and site‐specific factors in Hong Kong. Analysis was carried out using the relative importance index method.

It is found that the most important buildability considerations for building features and site‐specific factors are “simplicity” and “allowing working space for safe construction and minimising water ingress and geotechnical difficulties”, respectively.

The small sample size, though statistically significant, can be increased in further studies of similar type, to enhance the representativeness of the rankings.

The survey findings are valuable in that they offer a practical reference for design professionals, by scoring their designs, to comprehend the degree to which various building features and site‐specific factors impact on the ease of constructing their designs.

The Kendal & Gent C.V.M. 65 vertical milling machine is similar in design to the C.V.M. 40, produced by the same firm, except that its capacity is larger and the spindle motor is vertically mounted on the spindle head.