Search results

THIS IS A polemical statement, not intended to inform, but to argue a case and try to get some sense of reality into the mass of recent writing on the purpose of the public library service. It is taken for granted that the reader is already familiar with a good deal of the general background.

IT IS disturbing to see, tucked away in the March issue of OST1 newsletter, the first intimation of a reduction in the osti grant to Aslib for the three‐year period 1972–74.

WE HEARD the other day of a large metropolitan public library system in the UK which takes one copy of NLW and circulates photocopies of its articles to senior staff on a kind of SDI basis. Doubtless we are not the only victim, nor this particular system the only offender.

THE programme of the Bournemouth Conference shows variety enough concentrated into its three days of business to satisfy even that Mr. Smith, of Leicester, who made Cheltenham memorable for the cheap press. The main subject appears to be book selection of two kinds, adult and junior. Mr. Callender has been given a difficult task, and it does not appear conceivable that any very practical issue can come of the debate even with Mr. Jast as opener. Book‐selection must be the application of a series of definite answers to such questions as “What is a good book?” “What is a bad book?” “When may an inferior book prove to be the best for the end in view?” and so on; and that is a matter first for a committee, which may give well‐led and lengthy deliberation to the subject; it certainly won't come to much in open conference. Much the same must be the case with “An Analysis of Child Reading,” even if Mr. Osborne leads and Mr. Berwick Sayers follows him. On what enquiry will the analysis be based? Who has analysed children's reading in England on any scale that would justify public debate?

IT IS A COMMONPLACE that there has been, since the second world war, a massive increase in the use of public libraries in Britain. This has been supported by substantial increases in stock, staff and accommodation. These quantitative developments will benefit from the mechanisation of certain library processes and the application of management theory to library organisation and routines. The 1964 Act introduced the principle of government supervision and specific national standards, and the reform of local government structure will also provide a much improved framework for further development.

During the past two years a Joint Committee of representatives of the Library Association and Aslib has met at intervals to consider ways in which the syllabus of the Library Association could be made to suit more fully the needs of all types of library and information work. The aim has largely been to discover how the present syllabus could be changed so that anyone holding the chartered qualification of the Library Association would be competent to work effectively, on the basis of the knowledge they had gained, in any type of library. In the March, 1957, Library Association Record, there was published a draft scheme, and this scheme has formed the basis of the comments in this Symposium. The draft has been fairly well surveyed by our contributors, but we are open to publish further comment.

WHEN ZAMBIA became independent, in 1963, neither education nor libraries impinged on the lives of the large majority of people; there were a few municipal libraries, and rural areas were served by Zambia Library Service, then only two years old. Since then the service has expanded enormously, so that there are now almost 600 library centres. Some of these are operated by rural councils or ‘bomas’ (comparable to town halls), but many are operated on a voluntary basis, by school teachers or even by private individuals. Some serve only the establishment which runs them, whether they be cooperative training centres or prisons; many, however, extend facilities to the nearby villages, where the proportion of literate people is rarely very high. There is, however, a great demand for books among those who can read, because, despite the great expansion in secondary schools since independence, education is still inadequate, with less than a tenth of those who leave primary school finding a place in secondary school. Many of these try to further their education (mainly to improve their employment opportunities) by private study or correspondence courses. Such is the demand that one prison librarian wrote asking for more books because too many outsiders were coming in to borrow those they had; (to do this they had to pass two or three guarded gates and sign the visitor's book stating their reason for entering the prison).

This paper analyzes the connection between black political protest and mobilization, and the rise and fall of a black urban regime. The case of Oakland is instructive because by the mid-1960s the ideology of “black power” was important in mobilizing two significant elements of the historically disparaged black community: (1) supporters of the Black Panthers and, (2) neighborhood organizations concentrated in West Oakland. Additionally, Oakland like the city of Atlanta also developed a substantial black middle class that was able to mobilize along the lines of its own “racialized” class interests. Collectively, these factors were important elements in molding class-stratified “black power” and coalitional activism into the institutional politics of a black urban regime in Oakland. Ultimately, reversal factors would undermine the black urban regime in Oakland. These included changes in the race and class composition of the local population: black out-migration, the “new immigration,” increasing (predominantly white) gentrification, and the continued lack of opportunity for poor and working-class blacks, who served as the unrequited base of the black urban regime. These factors would change the fortunes of black political life in Oakland during the turbulent neoliberal era.

This chapter investigates the nature of the transformation of macroeconomics by focusing on the impact of the Great Depression on economic doctrines. There is no doubt that the Great Depression exerted an enormous influence on economic thought, but the exact nature of its impact should be examined more carefully. In this chapter, I examine the transformation from a perspective which emphasizes the interaction between economic ideas and economic events, and the interaction between theory and policy rather than the development of economic theory. More specifically, I examine the evolution of what became known as macroeconomics after the Depression in terms of an ongoing debate among the “stabilizers” and their critics. I further suggest using four perspectives, or schools of thought, as measures to locate the evolution and transformation; the gold standard mentality, liquidationism, the Treasury view, and the real-bills doctrine. By highlighting these four economic ideas, I argue that what happened during the Great Depression was the retreat of the gold standard mentality, the complete demise of liquidationism and the Treasury view, and the strange survival of the real-bills doctrine. Each of those transformations happened not in response to internal debates in the discipline, but in response to government policies and real-world events.

This study aims to evaluate the color accuracy of HP Jet Fusion 580 3D printing, comparing 3D-printed outcomes against original digital input colors.

A custom cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) and red, green, blue (RGB) color chart was applied to the top, bottom and side surfaces of a 3D model. Four of each model were 3D-printed on a HP Jet Fusion 580, and half the samples were finished with a cyanoacrylate gloss surface finish, while half were left in raw form. A spectrophotometer was used to document CIELAB (L*a*b*) data, and comparisons made to the original input colors, including calculation of ΔE.

The CMYK samples were significantly more accurate than RGB samples, and grayscale samples in both color spaces were the most accurate of all. Typically, CMYK swatches were darker than the input values, and gloss samples were consistently darker than raw samples. The chromaticity (a*b*) range was found to be significantly smaller than what can be achieved digitally, with highly saturated colors unable to be produced by the printer.

This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to characterize the full color spectrum possible with the HP Jet Fusion 580, recommending that designers use the CMYK color space when applying colors and textures to 3D models. A quick-reference color chart has been provided; however, it is recommended that future research focus on developing a color management profile to better map digital colors to the capabilities of the printer.