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The purpose of the paper is to summarize recent achievements and suggest further research directions in numerical studies of round free jets with particular attention on the influence of the inlet parameters (mean velocity, turbulence intensity, length and time scales) on the jet dynamics.

The large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) are regarded as accurate tools which can support expensive and requiring sophisticated measurements techniques experimental studies. In the paper, the authors present challenges and recent findings related to the LES and DNS of jet type flows in isothermal, heated, excited and reactive conditions.

LES of the isothermal jet allowed to identify the new jet instability mechanism leading to the self-sustained oscillations and to determine conditions required to trigger this phenomenon. Numerical simulation on the low-density round jet captured the phenomenon of absolute instability with a very good agreement with the experimental findings. LES/DNS of excited jet exhibited bifurcating and blooming jet and showed that the jet can be directly controlled by excitation frequency what is crucial issue also for flame shape control.

The paper shows complexity of seemingly simple jet type flow and proves that despite a huge interest in these flows and relatively deep knowledge on the jet dynamics there are still some open issues requiring further studies.

This paper aims to investigate global pressure fluctuations in compressible transitional flows in a low-pressure turbine cascade because of variations in the free-stream turbulence and its interaction with the boundary layers.

Transition process resolving numerical simulations are performed with different types of inflow turbulence. The unsteady three-dimensional fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a sixth-order compact difference and a tenth-order filtering method. First, simulations of both K-regime and bypass transitions are conducted for a flat plate boundary layer to validate the use of the filter in computing different transition routes. Second, computations of the cascade flows are conducted. Cases of no free-stream turbulence, isotropic free-stream turbulence of 5 per cent and wakes from an upstream cylinder are compared. For wakes, variations in wake trajectory depending on the cylinder blade relative position are also taken into account.

The different transition routes are successfully reproduced by the present method even with strong filtering. When feedback phenomena occur near the trailing edge, high-frequency oscillations dominate in the flow field. Low-frequency oscillations become dominant when the blade boundary layer becomes turbulent. Thus, the effects of the free-stream turbulence and its interaction with the boundary layer appear as changes in the global pressure fluctuation.

The free-stream turbulence qualitatively affects global pressure fluctuations, which become a medium to convey boundary-layer information away from the cascade.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the coherent structures of pulsed opposing jets by large eddy simulation (LES) model and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) snapshot method. Flow pulsation as an active flow control method is considered for the enhancement of transport phenomena in impinging jets. The effect of flow pulsation parameters such as pulsation signal shape and frequency on the vortical coherent structures, the energy content of primary modes and their variation are studied numerically.

In this study, flow field of turbulent pulsating opposing jets has been simulated using LES. The result of the simulation in different time steps (snapshots) are stored and POD is applied on the snapshots. In this study, the POD method and calculation of spatial modes has been done using OpenFOAM, and time coefficients have been calculated using a MATLAB code.

The results of this study show that the flow excitation has a great effect on the coherent structure formation and the energy containment of fundamental modes of the flow. When the flow was excited by a harmonic sinusoidal or step function, the turbulent kinetic energy accumulated in the set of primary modes. On the other hand, the pulsed opposing jets had more regularity compared to the steady jets. The shapes, patterns and energy values of dominant modes depended on the inlet pulsation signal. An increase in pulsation frequency leads to an augmentation in energy content of the primary modes.

The predictions may be extended to include various pulsation conditions such as: various amplitudes, Reynolds number and aspect ratio.

The results of this study are a valuable source of information for active control of transport phenomena in opposing jet configurations which is used in different industrial applications such as cooling, combustion, reactors, heating and drying processes.

In this study, the coherent structures and energy content of primary modes was studied for the first time by LES model and POD snapshot method and a comprehensive discussion on numerical results is provided.

This paper aims to study turbulent dispersion of a passive plume emitting from a single elevated line source of different elevations in a plane channel flow by using direct numerical simulation (DNS).

The investigation was conducted in both physical and spectral spaces, which includes an analysis of statistical moments and pre-multiplied spectra of the velocity and concentration fields. The pre-multiplied power spectra of the velocity and concentration fields are compared to identify the transition of the plume development from the turbulent convective stage to the turbulent diffusive stage.

It is observed that due to the presence of wall shear, the mean plume drifts toward the wall for the near-wall source release case. It is also observed that streamwise development of the plume is sensitive to both the source elevation and the downstream distance from the source. For the line source placed near the center of the channel, the plume development is dominated by the bulk meandering effects. However, for the plume emitting from the near-wall line source, it hits the ground soon after its release and becomes dominated by the wall shear. As the downstream distance from the line source increases, the streamwise development of the plume released from the near-wall line source transitions from a turbulent convective stage to a turbulent diffusive stage.

This paper represents an original DNS study of turbulent mixing and dispersion of a passive plume emitting from a line source of different elevations in a wall-bounded flow. This paper proposes a practical method to identify the transition of the plume development from the turbulent convective to the turbulent diffusive stages.