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The purpose of this study is to develop a new whistleblowing scale considering the conventional and Islamic perspectives in combating corruption. Whistleblowing has received great attention because it helps the corruption prevention process by revealing bad practices, improving transparency and ensuring accountability. However, not many scholars have focused on the concept of whistleblowing in the Islamic context.

The study uses a theoretical inquiry design, delving into the literature to thoroughly examine whistleblowing likelihood, Kohlberg’s theory and Maqasid Shariah. Through qualitative content analysis, relevant concepts are scrutinized and synthesized. The integration of Kohlberg’s theory and Maqasid Shariah aims to offer a comprehensive framework for comprehending whistleblowing likelihood, integrating perspectives from both Western and Islamic traditions.

This study has conceptualized the integration of the six stages of Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah to understand whistleblowing likelihood. The study offers a scale to explain whistleblowing likelihood based on the two theories.

The correlation between Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah reveals a nuanced relationship between individual moral evolution and Islamic ethical imperatives, in the context of whistleblowing likelihood. As individuals progress through Kohlberg’s stages, aligning with Maqasid Shariah’s emphasis on societal well-being, their inclination to blow the whistle evolves from early considerations of fear and conformity to a commitment to universal ethical principles and justice.

The new scale integrating Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah aids ethical climates in organizations by assessing employees’ moral development and promoting ethical leadership through tailored training. Aligned with Islamic values, the scale becomes a tool for fostering ethical behavior and organizational culture, emphasizing justice and commitment to higher ethical objectives. Managers must delicately balance justice and community harmony when implementing whistleblowing initiatives to ensure a positive impact on both ethical principles and organizational cohesion.

By integrating the six stages of moral development proposed by Kohlberg, the new scale plays a role in promoting transparency and accountability for sustainable development. Furthermore, its alignment with Maqasid Shariah contributes to addressing corruption and advocating for social justice, making the scale a catalyst for societal well-being that respects cultural and religious values. Ultimately, the scale supports a socially responsible approach, reinforcing ethical behavior and contributing to the broader global agenda for sustainable and just societies.

The new scale integrating Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah offers an innovative and interdisciplinary approach to assessing whistleblowing likelihood. This fusion provides a nuanced understanding of individuals’ ethical reasoning, aligning universal moral principles with Islamic ethics. The scale not only broadens the conceptual framework for evaluating ethical decision-making but also respects cultural diversity, making it inclusive and applicable across diverse global contexts.

This study aims to improve the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by incorporating electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) as a factor influencing attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). The main goal is to study Generation Z’s intention to purchase halal cosmetics. In addition, the research examines how halal product knowledge (HPK) influences the relationships between ATT, SN, PBC and the purchase intention of halal cosmetics.

Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from two superstores in Karachi, Pakistan, with 265 valid responses. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses were performed to ensure validity and reliability, and variable relationships were assessed using structural equation modeling.

The results revealed that EWOM significantly influences ATT, SN and PBC. ATT and PBC both significantly affect purchase intention (PI), while SN has a nonsignificant influence on PI. In addition, the study found HPK only moderates the association between ATT and PI, while moderating influence HPK does not exist in the relationship between (SN and PI) and (PBC and PI).

This study focuses on the Halal cosmetics industry in Pakistan and explicitly targets Generation Z individuals in a particular cultural environment. The aim is to examine how applying the same research design in different sectors and countries can lead to different results. In addition, the study primarily includes Gen Z consumers of halal cosmetics. Collecting data from other generational groups for future studies, such as generations X and Y, would be interesting.

This research contributes to the existing literature on halal consumption by introducing the concept of E-WOM as a factor within the TPB model. This study is particularly groundbreaking as it examines how Gen Z Pakistani Muslim consumers’ behavioral intentions toward halal cosmetic products are influenced by their HPK using the TPB model. Additionally, the paper presents an extended TPB modeling framework that could be valuable to researchers, marketers and halal experts.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of relevant factors that affect green purchase behavior of Muslims.

A systematic literature review was conducted to fill in the lack of conceptual clarity on the relationship between green product purchasing and Muslim consumers.

The review revealed that studies on Muslim green purchase behavior were mostly carried out in Asian countries, with the theory of planned behavior as a highly featured approach. The in-depth analysis captured more than 50 factors of green purchasing behavior of Muslims with religiosity, which was found to be the most mentioned determinant in the literature.

The finding provides three insights for future research and marketing practices: Muslim consumer behavior model development, green-halal product innovation and green Islamic marketing strategy formulation.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no literature review has comprehensively identified the determinants of Muslim green purchasing behavior. Therefore, enriched with bibliographical mapping, this study will systematically conduct a literature review to explain the driving factors of Muslims in purchasing green products and outline potential directions for marketers and researchers to enhance green ecosystems.