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This paper examines how “quality” was framed in the design and implementation of a policy to reform hospital funding and associated care delivery. The aims of the study were: (1) To describe how government policy-makers who designed the policy and managers and clinicians who implemented the policy framed the concept of “quality” and (2) To explore how frames of quality and the framing process may have influenced policy implementation.

The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from a qualitative case study involving semi-structured interviews with 45 purposefully selected key informants involved in the design and implementation of the quality-based procedures policy in Ontario, Canada. The authors used framing theory to inform coding and analysis.

The authors found that policy designers perpetuated a broader frame of quality than implementers who held more narrow frames of quality. Frame divergence was further characterized by how informants framed the relationship between clinical and financial domains of quality. Several environmental and organizational factors influenced how quality was framed by implementers.

As health systems around the world increasingly implement new models of governance and financing to strengthen quality of care, there is a need to consider how “quality” is framed in the context of these policies and with what effect. This is the first framing analysis of “quality” in health policy.

This paper proposes - through the integration of self-congruence, brand personality, sponsorship and sports spectator behaviour literatures - a conceptual framework to extend our current understanding of self-congruence in specific consumption situations. Initial empirical results support the proposed framework which shows that self-congruence based consumers' orientation towards sports and brand personality is positively associated with sponsorship outcomes.

Total demand rose for the first time since 1979–80, by 3.9% to 2,772,000. Foreign demand reached a new peak, the International Loan Service being especially heavily used; more significantly, British demand increased by 4%. The Urgent Action Service, enabling users to telephone and receive a quick response, became established; an option of telefacsimile transmission was added. Telefax was also used for an Urgent Action Service abroad. The pattern of foreign demand changed somewhat; the countries making most use of the service are now Japan, France and Spain. Automated request transmission continued to grow. Retrospective conversion of records of the Division's monograph stock (post‐1979 imprints) to machine‐readable form made good progress, and Lending Division holdings have begun to appear on the regional ISBN union lists. The Keyword Index to Serial Titles continued to grow in size and coverage. The acquisition programme was maintained, nearly two‐thirds of the acquisition budget being spent on serials and over a quarter on monographs; the Division's coverage of ‘grey literature’ was further improved. A radical review of binding and conservation expenditure was started. Surveys included one of serials in order of demand, one of demand and satisfaction, and one of backup libraries. A Geac computer was installed for the Monograph Acquisitions and Records System and a Systime 8780 for the serials system. Retrospective MEDLARS searches increased sharply. Publications continued to be profitable, and plans were made for the interdivisional British Library Publications Sales Unit to be housed at Boston Spa. The Division continues to be involved in discussion on electronic document storage and transmission projects.

The year saw not only a sustained rise in total demand, by 3.5% to 2,871,000 requests but also marked the peak annual demand recorded. Both UK and foreign demand increased, the latter more than the former (1.6% and 11% respectively). Demand on the UK Urgent Action Service, a telephone request service for urgent requests, grew rapidly. The Division's Monograph Acquistions and Records System (MARS) expanded to 165,000 stock records. The Keyword Index to Serial Titles also grew both in size and coverage. The aquisitions programme was maintained despite unfavourable exchange rates. On‐line cataloguing of newly‐acquired books began early in 1984. Access to ‘grey literature’ was improved by the mounting of the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) database on BLAISE. A review of the Division's conservation and binding policies provided useful changes. The mini‐computer which processes all ART (Automatic Request Transmission) requests was linked to the British Telecom Packet Switch Stream network (PSS); 29% of all requests are now received by some form of automated means. Retrospective searches performed by MEDLARS increased markedly. A BL interdivisional Publications Sales Unit was set up at Boston Spa and the publications programme continued to be profitable. The Division continued discussions with publishers on electronic storage and document delivery. The latter part of the year saw the production of a divisonal plan as part of a wider British Library Strategic Plan.

This paper analyzes two external costs often associated with port development, cost to fisheries from marine dredge disposal and damages from air pollution, using estimates of development and operation for a proposed (but since cancelled) container port as a case study. For dredge disposal, a bio-economic model was used to assess short- and long-term and indirect (joodweb) damages to fisheries from marine disposal of clean sediments. In the case of air pollution, estimates of annual activity levels and emission coefficients are used to estimate incremental annual emissions of three key pollutants (NOx, HC and CO) for trucks, trains, yard vehicles, and vessels. These estimates allow for phasing in of strict new air pollution regulations. For both external costs, sensitivity analyses are used to reflect uncertainty. Estimates of shadow values in year 2002 dollars amount from $0.094 per cubic yard to $0.169 per cubic yard of clean dredged material for the selected disposal site and from $0.0584 per mile (jor current control standards) to $ 0. 0023 per mile (after phasing in of new regulations) for air pollution from heavy trucks.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how teachers can use their Sgaw Karen students’ names as a means to gaining awareness of their students’ home culture, language and personal stories.

This case study uses interviews with four Karen families to explore the meanings behind the names and nicknames given to Karen individuals.

The findings of this study reveal that Karen names can provide teachers important insights into Karen culture, history and language. Moreover, Karen names can also provide important biographical information about the student.

This study only focuses on Sgaw Karen names and does not include other Karen subgroups like the Pwo Karen, who are also resettling in the USA. This study does not include all Sgaw Karen names, but the authors have made efforts to include Karen names from various regions of Burma and of different religious backgrounds.

Teachers and others working with culturally and linguistically diverse students like the Karen will gain a better understanding of the various ways that names are given across cultures. While this paper focuses on one particular ethnic group, it is believed that teachers need to expand their notions about how other non-European groups name their children and how these names may reveal something about the student’s heritage culture, history, language and the unique lived experiences of their students.

Too often teachers and others working cross-culturally do not realize that other cultures follow different naming practices than those used in the USA. Teachers often mispronounce or misunderstand students’ names when the student comes from a cultural group unfamiliar to them. This paper helps a general audience better realize the unique approach Karen culture takes to naming children and how these names are often transformed to fit American naming conventions. As the title suggests, Karen students often feel embarrassed and take on a negative opinion of their given name as a result of a lack of awareness by teachers and others.

This paper provides a unique perspective in the literature on the ways cultural naming conventions can serve teachers aspiring to incorporate biography-driven instruction into their classroom practices.

Communications regarding this column should be addressed to Mrs. Cheney, Peabody Library School, Nashville, Tenn. 37203. Mrs. Cheney does not sell the books listed here. They are available through normal trade sources. Mrs. Cheney, being a member of the editorial board of Pierian Press, will not review Pierian Press reference books in this column. Descriptions of Pierian Press reference books will be included elsewhere in this publication.

Describes the circumstances surrounding, and difficulties in, the publication of the original edition of the Directory of Rare Books and Special Collections in the United Kingdom and Ireland in the early 1970s. Explains the need for a revised edition and describes work in progress to update the information, as well as the problems involved in the revision. Indicates the likely publication schedule of the new edition.

Wine marketers realise that to increase the overall size of the wine consuming population they must make wine more approachable and easier to understand. As it now stands, many consumers lack confidence in their ability to select a wine for either their own consumption or to share with others. Therefore, understanding the role played by consumer self‐confidence is especially relevant to marketers of wine, and the need to accurately measure the construct is important to scholarly research. Recently, the development of a scale to measure consumer self‐confidence has appeared in the consumer behaviour literature (Bearden, Hardesty and Rose, 2001). This study first adapts this consumer self‐confidence scale for use in wine‐related research. Next, the impact of six distinct dimensions of consumer self‐confidence on three different wine purchase situations is demonstrated. Results show the scale has the potential to inform both researchers and marketers about consumers' self‐confidence related to wine purchases.

The purpose of this paper is to address a knowledge gap on advocacy outcomes from mental health service users’ perspective, and the implications for evaluating advocacy impact. The studies discussed highlight challenges for measuring the outcomes of advocacy, but underline the importance of doing so, and of involving service users alongside other stakeholders in co-designing evaluation systems.

The paper uses findings from three qualitative studies of independent advocacy involving focus groups and interviews with: 30 African and African Caribbean men who were mental health service users; 90 “qualifying patients” in a study of Independent Mental Health Advocate services; and nine young women in children and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).

A comparative analysis and synthesis of findings from three studies identifies four common dimensions: how mental health advocacy is conceptualised and understood; how service users define advocacy outcomes; wider impacts; and, user involvement in evaluating advocacy outcomes. Advocacy outcomes were conceptualised as increasing involvement, changing care and treatment and supporting personal development. There was evidence of advocacy acting to empower mental health service users, and of broader impacts on service regimes and policies. However, there was limited evidence of transformational impact. Evaluating advocacy outcomes is increasingly seen as important.

Few researchers have focused primarily on the perspectives of people using independent mental health advocacy, or on the experience of “advocacy as empowerment”, and none have done so across diverse groups. This analysis adds insight into the impact of independent advocacy. Data from empirical studies attest to the important role independent advocacy plays in modern mental health systems.