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Reference tools are prime candidates for replacement with their electronic counterparts, since finding the desired information in the shortest possible time and with the least possible effort is the primary concern of users of reference tools. Electronic versions of reference sources often provide enhanced access, as well as more definitive searching techniques. This article will describe two attempts made by the Evans Library at Texas A&M University to substitute reference tools with their electronic equivalents: one that failed from an economic standpoint and one that succeeded, attaining good user acceptance and reasonable costs.

In 1981, James Rice proposed that there are three levels of library instruction: library orientation, library instruction, and bibliographic instruction. Library orientation provides an introduction for users to the physical library layout and selected resources and services. The more subtle objectives are to reduce user anxiety, motivate subsequent use, and promote the availability of helpful service. In Rice's model, the second level provides a more extensive explanation of specific library materials and the third is the offering of formal courses in bibliography.

This paper sets out to examine the formal regulatory framework of controlling soft issues in six Confucian societies: China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and Japan. It aims to investigate whether these societies adopt a similar approach to soft issues.

The approach takes the form of historical analysis and textual analysis.

Japan stands out among Confucian societies in regulating soft issues. The other five societies share considerable similarities, though each society's approach ultimately reflects the entanglement and interaction between various economic, political, cultural and historical factors in the local context.

For international advertisers, the ideological facet of advertising regulation in some Confucian societies spells unpredictable traps and troubles.

Only a very few works have systematically examined soft issues in advertising, and few have focused on East Asia. The paper contributes to the literature by comparing how societies with similar cultural traditions regulate soft issues.

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which servant leadership behaviour as a non-financial mechanism influences changes in continuance commitment. Research that investigates effects on specific forms of commitment is likely to provide more tailored information, thereby enhancing the quality of resulting decisions.

This study used an explanatory approach to investigate the envisaged linkage between the study variables from a social-psychological perspective.

Findings revealed that servant leadership behaviour significantly influences the variations in continuance commitment.

The data used were sourced from organisations in the health sector. Results were more likely to be limited to organisations dealing in services like healthcare, education, hospitality and business sectors. Also, since the data used were cross sectional, the application of results could be limited by changes in business cycle effects. Nevertheless, the study provides a direction of thought and a platform for a longitudinal study by future researchers.

Organisations have the option of relaying upon servant leadership behaviour as a non-financial mechanism of enhancing continuance commitment. This is likely to relieve the pressure on financial resources, especially for organisations in developing economies that often operate under conditions of economic scarcity.

This work is the first of its kind to describe the effect of servant leadership behaviour on continuance commitment in the health sector within Uganda which is a typical developing economy facing challenges of high attrition rates.