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Using the “Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage” exhibition as a case study, the purpose of this paper is to look at how heritage exhibitions can be used to address social isolation and also serve as a way to give an identity to a community with a disability.

The paper reviews the process of creating the exhibition, some of its most significant elements and its impact.

A heritage exhibition can be an effective way to address social isolation and inclusion.

This was a unique exhibition with considerable impact on members of the Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus community and with the potential to have a broader value in promoting change in attitudes towards disability.

The purpose of this paper is to comment on the article “Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage – the role of heritage exhibitions in tackling social isolation.”

This provides some further reflection and points for discussion on topics arising from the themes in the original article.

Issues are raised about the medicalisation of conditions and the ways in which a social and cultural model of disability challenges preconceptions and assumptions about personhood and victim status. Reference is made to the broader context of hidden histories and the ways in which people with learning disabilities are now taking active roles in reclaiming the story of their lives in the past and now.

The paper aims to raise awareness of critical issues of learning disability history prompted by the original paper.

Scientists have long suspected that deficiencies of folic acid may contribute to defects such as spina bifida and hydrocephalus, both known as neural tube defects. Twenty‐five years ago it was suggested that deficiency of folic acid, one of the B vitamins, might be the culprit. Now it has been proved.

Presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of producing models of human anatomy by linking MRI and stereolithography. Begins by describing the requirements for developing a link between the two technologies together with the major problems that this involves. Describes the processes undertaken to enable the creation of a model of a human brain. The model showed excellent anatomical details and demonstrated that the technique of linking MRI and stereolithography is entirely feasible. However, the preparatory work required prior to building the model showed that there are many difficulties associated with transferring and processing the imaging data. Recommendations are made as to how this technique needs to evolve.

Students with physical and health impairments represent a small but growing group of individuals with diverse educational needs. They are those students whose physical limitations or health problems interfere with school attendance or learning to such an extent that special services, training, equipment, materials, or facilities are required. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to discuss some of these impairments and acquaint both general and special educators with interventions for helping students with physical and health impairments succeed.

This study aims to investigate the characteristics, as well as the purpose and posts of the COVID-19 Facebook groups.

A systematic search for COVID-19 Facebook groups was conducted on June 1, 2020. Characteristics of the groups were examined using descriptive statistics. Mann-Whitney test was used to study the differences between groups. The study of the most popular groups’ posts was also carried out using the content analysis method.

The groups had a combined membership of 2,729,061 users. A total of 147,885 posts were received. There were about approximately 60% public groups. A high percentage of the groups (86.5%) had descriptions. The results showed a significant relationship between the groups’ description status and the number of members (p-value = 0.016). The majority of COVID-19 Facebook groups (56%) were created to meet their members’ information needs. The highest number of studied posts were related to vaccination (35.2%), followed by curfew rules (19.6%) and symptoms (10.6%).

Translating these insights into policies and practices will put policymakers and health-care providers in a stronger position to make better use of Facebook groups to support and enhance public knowledge about COVID-19.

Seeks to assess whether referrals for immunisation as day cases are appropriate and to identify any adverse events following hospital‐based immunisation.

Computerised consent forms and the ward registers were used to generate a list of children immunised in the day case ward of Basildon University Hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2003.

There were 57 referrals for immunisation under medical supervision in the day case ward during the 12‐month period. General practitioners referred 30 cases (53 per cent) followed by eight (14 per cent) referrals each from the Immunisation Coordinator Clinic and health visitors. The commonest reason for referral was previous reaction to vaccine (21 cases, 37 per cent), followed by history of egg allergy (11 cases, 23 per cent). The types of vaccines that were most frequently administered were the MMR first dose (18 cases, 32 per cent) and the second dose of DPT/OPV/HIB/Men C (13 cases, 23 per cent).

A total of 24 (42 per cent) of the referrals were judged to be inappropriate as per the UK Department of Health's guidelines. No adverse events were noticed during hospital‐based immunisation. Definite guidelines exist in the UK for immunisation. However, a large proportion of children who deserved immunisation in the community were referred to the hospital day case unit.

This paper identifies the inappropriateness of hospital‐based immunisation and emphasises the need to create increased awareness regarding the true contraindications to immunisation among healthcare professionals by further education and training. Further, it is expected to stimulate many paediatric departments to look at their own practice and find ways to improve service efficiency and effective use of resources.

The purpose of this paper is to review the dramatic entry of embedded medical sensors into the medical monitoring environment. It also examines the current range of applications that have been addressed, trends for additional applications and factors driving this movement.

This paper is a review of published information and papers on research as well as contact and discussions with researchers in this field at universities, manufacturers and research centers.

Microelectronics and electrochemical technologies have been a major factor in this development along with technology advancements to transmit energy and signals to and from miniature electronic devices, thus eliminating the need for stored energy and wires for transmitting information. Sensors are addressing medical issues in the heart, the brain, cancer treatment and prosthetic control. The move to implanted sensors follows development of other implanted medical devices as well as wearable sensors.

Readers may be very excited to learn of the many new tasks that embedded medical sensors can address and the many unique benefits that are provided to the patient and the medical staff caring for the patient.

Nutrient intakes form a continuum from lethal deficiencies to lethal excesses. Optimal nutrition requires that intakes of all essential nutrients meet minimal needs and that no substances be ingested in quantities large enough to be detrimental to health. For lack of a better term, nutritional toxicology may be used to describe the study of nutrient toxicities, including imbalances and antagonisms, and nutrient‐toxicant interactions.

Over the years we have reported prosecutions where the defence has alleged, and with circumstantial support that the presence of a harmful foreign body in food was deliberate through the action of a single disgruntled employee or where the labour relations climate generally has been bad. It makes no difference to the manufacturer's responsibility—the offence is an absolute one—but occasionally courts have allowed it in mitigation. Sometimes, it has been the nature of the extraneous material, e.g. fragments of glass or metal, the like of which did not exist in the factory premises or plant. This may be taken as a symptom of the vandalism of the age, but more recently, two incidents have drawn attention to its dangers and provided a glimpse of the criminal mind which can inflict such injury on employers, and expose innocent consumers, of all ages, to possible harm.