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Reports on a unique five‐year longitudinal study of several hundred English 1990s adolescents, exploring how they make decisions about whether to try or use illicit drugs. Shows how young people make and re‐make decisions and journey down distinctive drugs pathways as abstainers, former triers, those in transition and those who are current, regular drug users. Discusses how official interventions (particularly drugs education) have only marginal impact on a generation of drugwise youth, because they fail to understand the complexities of these decisions.

This paper investigates brand‐level marketing communications decisions of town centre‐based planned shopping centres in the UK.

Following exploratory semi‐structured interviews with town centre‐based shopping centre managers, the main stage of the research comprised a postal questionnaire. This investigated two main areas: the nature of the process by which marketing/promotional activities were planned; and the actual “marketing” activities used by respondents (and their perceived importance), with particular reference to marketing communications activities. The questionnaire was administered to shopping centre managers in urban shopping destinations classified as major city, major regional, regional and sub‐regional in the Management Horizons Europe UK Shopping Index – 173 destinations in total across the whole of the UK.

The results are structured using Shimp's categories of general choices, specific choices and programme evaluation. Regarding general choices (i.e. targeting, objectives budgeting), centre positioning was regarded as very important and key target audiences were general public and media at the local/regional level. Objectives focused on raising centre profile and improving footfall. Centres spent an average of 13.6 per cent of operating budget on promotional activities. With regard to specific choices (i.e. mixing communication elements, creating messages), the most widely used promotional elements were found to be press and radio advertising, events and festivals, leaflets and other promotional literature and also public relations. Evidence of integration between communications elements existed although there is potential for greater synergy.

Research into the marketing of planned shopping centres has been somewhat lacking in comparison to other aspects of their operations. As centres face a more intensely competitive environment, the need for effective marketing and promotion is increasingly acknowledged, and this paper provides evidence of the current use of marketing activities in this context.

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of:

How sustainability messages have diffused into mainstream discourse?

The role of behavioural economics, specifically nudge theory, in encouraging sustainable behaviours.

The visual elements in marketing that support nudge theory.

How businesses are aligning with consumer concern for sustainability to illustrate their ‘wokeness’ to social issues.

Mr. John Nott, Secretary of State for Trade, has announced the following changes in the composition of the Board of British Airways:

The purpose of this paper is to present a critical race theory content analysis of research on technology and social studies education.

This study, using a critical race theory (CRT) framework, investigates how social studies education scholars have critically addressed the intersection between technology and race/ethnicity through a content analysis of articles in the journals Theory and Research in Social Education (TRSE) and Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education (CITE) since 1990.

This paper contends that the interaction between technology and race/ethnicity is rarely critically examined in these two prominent social studies education research journals.

In light of this neglect, the paper discusses the need for an in‐depth analysis of the reification of low‐level pedagogical methods with racial/ethnic minority students, an unexplored area of research.

Summarizes recent research showing the widespread experimentation with drugs by children of school age. Examines what the goals of drugs education in schools should be, and cites straightforward drugs prevention work as one of these. States that it is nevertheless impossible to ignore the level of drug use among school‐age young people and urges that drugs education should include information on safer drug use. Concludes that young people are also young citizens who have a right to information which affects their lives.