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This study aims to the effect of NaF, Li₂CO₃ and H₃BO₃ minerals was investigated, and the best mineralizer was found to be H₃BO₃. Furthermore, the effect of temperature was investigated, and the synthesized samples were calcined at temperatures of 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C to select the optimum calcination temperature.

This study was aimed at thoroughly investigating the effects of mineralizer addition and temperature on the synthesis of malayaite pink pigment based on raw materials of SnCl₂-SiO₂-Ca(OH)₂-K₂Cr₂O₇. To this end, the optimization of the synthesis parameters such as mineralizer addition and temperature was completely perused.

The optimum temperature was 1300 °C, and the color efficiency of pigments was evaluated by colorimetric (CIE L*a*b* system) analysis, and these parameters were close to those of industrial pigments.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, the effect of mineralizer addition and temperature on the synthesis of malayaite pink pigment was investigated through the sol-gel method. Herein, different parameters were optimized to propose a novel pigment with a much better performance.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the vulnerable factors in the neighborhood and vulnerability assessment of residential, medical center, school buildings, the road networks and the green spaces as vital and critical land uses to get general estimation of the situation for risk reduction planning.

Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings was performed using the rapid visual screening data collection form of FEMA P 154 (2015). The assessment of the road was carried out using an empirical model, and the condition of the green spaces was assessed complying with standards using GIS.

The results of research indicated that about 37 percent of selected residential buildings, 81.08 percent of schools and two health care centers are likely to be vulnerable to earthquake.

Based on the results of this study, many of the structures should be further evaluated. Strengthening of poor-resistant elements of the roads is recommended and must be in order. Although the green spaces are well distributed in the neighborhood, they are ill-equipped of necessary facilities and their development is also recommended.